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Travel, Blood Borne Viruses and Sexual Health

Travel, Blood Borne Viruses and Sexual Health. Susan Doran Workplace Health Improvement Advisor NHS Grampian. www.healthyworkinglives.com... langstane. Setting the Scene……. 2009 – UK Residents made approximately 58.6 million overseas trips

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Travel, Blood Borne Viruses and Sexual Health

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  1. Travel, Blood Borne Viruses and Sexual Health Susan Doran Workplace Health Improvement Advisor NHS Grampian www.healthyworkinglives.com...langstane

  2. Setting the Scene…… 2009 – UK Residents made approximately 58.6 million overseas trips 6.8 million were business trips www.healthyworkinglives.com

  3. Travel Advice Foreign and Commonwealth Office Travel Advice, terrorism, emergencies www.fco.gov.uk/travel

  4. Immunisations • Allow enough time • Keep written records • Be informed on the country • Vaccines are not always 100% effective www.healthyworkinglives.com

  5. Malaria 2000 travellers every year return to the UK with Malaria (Source MASTA) www.healthyworkinglives.com

  6. Prevention of Malaria!

  7. Be aware of risk Comply with anti-malarials Avoid mosquito bites Early diagnosis www.healthyworkinglives.com

  8. Having a DVT or blood clot in your lungs in the past. A member of your family having a DVT or clot. Blood disorders, especially those causing abnormal clotting. Being very overweight. Pregnancy Cancer and certain types of cancer treatment. Recent surgery and major operations Contraceptive pill/ hormone replacement therapy. Dehydration. History of stroke Risk factorsAre we ‘fit to fly’? www.healthyworkinglives.com

  9. Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) - The Facts www.healthyworkinglives.com

  10. Reducing the risk of travel related DVT • Choose airline with more room • Exercise • Move around • Drink plenty water • Avoid alcohol • Compression stockings • Consult GP if any risk factors are present www.healthyworkinglives.com

  11. Sun Safety • Most skin cancers are caused by exposure to the sun • Most common form of cancer in the UK • Sunburn increases risk • Doesn’t just happen abroad www.healthyworkinglives.com

  12. Protect Yourself! www.healthyworkinglives.com

  13. Protect Yourself!

  14. Common where: Water Sewage Hand Food standards are poor High risk areas are: Southern and Eastern Europe Africa Middle East Far East Hepatitis A

  15. Eating Abroad Ensure food is thoroughly cooked and Piping hot Avoid uncooked foods Avoid raw and undercooked eggs Avoid home-made ice cream Boil unpasteurised milk Drink, sealed, bottled water www.healthyworkinglives.com

  16. Areas of the hands most frequently missed during washing

  17. WHEN ASK What have you just done? What are you about to do?

  18. Hepatitis B Hepatitis B - 400 (world health organisation)

  19. Hepatitis B • Local Picture • Vaccination • Infection • Treatment

  20. Grampian Hep B trend

  21. WHO estimates 170 million people, 3% of the worlds population, are infected with HCV Mongolia Sierra Leone Egypt Nigeria Bolivia

  22. Hepatitis C • Numbers in Grampian? • Prevention • No vaccination • Treatment

  23. How is hepatitis B & C spread? Sharing injecting equipment Use of unsterile medical equipment Blood transfusions Body piercing and tattoos Unprotected sex www.healthyworkinglives.com

  24. WHO/UNAIDS, 2008 A global view of HIV infection in 2008 33 million people [range: 30-36 million] living with HIV

  25. HIV • Grampian numbers • No vaccination • Treatment BUT no cure • Life expectance now 35 years +

  26. Grampian BBV’s

  27. HIV by NHS Board

  28. Exposure category

  29. Geographical Exposure

  30. Routes of Transmission • Unprotected sexual intercourse • Sharing injecting equipment • Mother to child - birth / breast-feeding • Blood transfusion

  31. Routes of Transmission • Less common routes: • Skin puncture by contaminated sharp objects • Skin loss • Exposure of eyes/nose/mouth • Human bites - skin broken • Unprotected oral sex • Sharing toothbrushes / razors

  32. Occupational Risks? • A splash to the eyes, nose or mouth • Skin loss > contact with body fluid • Sharps injury

  33. Reducing the risks! • Assess the risk • Follow protocol – PPE • Ensure employees are aware of steps to take following contamination of blood or body fluids

  34. Prevention • Cover any cuts with a waterproof dressing • First Aid • Allow free bleeding - don’t suck! • Wash affected area with soap and water • Report to manager – date, time, type of injury, fluid • Report/discuss with A and E – do not take needle/sharp to hospital.

  35. Splash to mucus membrane Skin – wash the area but do not scrub Eyes – rinse with lots of water and remove contact lenses Mouth – rinse with lots of water Report the incident to employer – date, time, type of injury, type of body fluid and discuss with A and E or OH department

  36. NOTTRANSMITTED BY Kissing Coughing and sneezing Sharing cups, cutlery, toilet seats

  37. The Risk Game!!

  38. Sexually Transmitted Infections! Who’s most at risk?

  39. Genital Herpes Simplex

  40. Genital Chlamydia

  41. Gonorrhoea

  42. So….. What is ‘Safe Sex’?

  43. Why isn't ‘Safe Sex’ the norm? Unaware of the risks? Access to condoms? Or Self Efficacy!

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