Radical Reconstruction Quiz

1. Radical Reconstruction Quiz What is a Scalawag? Andrew Johnson was the first President to be ______________? What did the 15th Amendment do?

2. Radical Reconstruction Quiz 4 & 5. Name two images from this political cartoon that represent Radical Reconstruction.

3. Results of the Presidential Reconstruction When Congress returned from recess in December 1865, they discovered President Johnson began to re-admit the Southern States according to his own plan. Radical Republicans were also angry that many Southern states began to pass Black Codes and elected former Confederates as Representatives in Congress. The Radical Republicans reacted by refusing to seat the new Congressmen from the South. They sent these men back to their states. They also refused to recognize the new Southern states. The Republicans began to enact their own plan for Reconstruction.

4. Stage II: Radical Reconstruction In the Congressional elections of 1866, the Radical Republicans won control of Congress. This control meant they could override any presidential veto with a 2/3 vote. These votes unofficially gave the Radical Republicans control over Reconstruction because Johnson was powerless to stop the Radical’s legislative agenda.

5. Radical Reconstruction began with the passage of the Military Reconstruction Act of 1867. This law, vetoed by Johnson, but overridden by Congress, dealt very harshly towards the South. • This new law: • Tossed out the “re-admitted” southern states (except Tennessee) • Divided the remaining southern states into five military districts run by a Union General. • The states had to re-write their state constitutions with input from African-American male voters. • The states had to ratify the 14th Amendment.

7. Getting more “Radical” The Radical Republicans feared that President Johnson and Southern opposition would threaten their Reconstruction plans. Congress passed the Tenure of Office Act (1867) in an attempt to trap Johnson into breaking a law. When Johnson fired Edwin Stanton, the Secretary of War, Congress impeached the President. After the election of Ulysses Grant in 1868 with the help of new Freedmen voters in the South, Radicals pushed through: 15th Amendment (1870) African-American voting rights Enforcement Act (1870) Protected voting rights Civil Rights Act (1875) outlawed segregation in public places

8. Results of Radical Reconstruction Because the Northern armies were in the South, Freedmen, Carpetbaggers and Scalawags began to control the new Southern State governments. Freedmen began to have real political and economic freedom. Hiram Revels becomes the first African-American Senator. Carpetbaggers were Northerners who came to the South to rebuild the state governments, win political office or just make money Scalawags were white Southerners who were in favor of Reconstruction. These people were seen as traitors to the South

9. Southerner Reaction to Radical Reconstruction Most white Southerners resented Radical Reconstruction because it was so harsh. Some formed terrorist groups to attack freedmen, carpetbaggers and scalawags. The most famous terrorist group was the Ku Klux Klan (KKK). This group was organized in Tennessee by a former Confederate General named Nathan Bedford Forrest.

10. Images on the next slide may be too intense for some viewers – Content available through classroom notes.

11. The Ku Klux Klan The KKK used violence to try and stop freedmen from exercising their rights. They often dressed in white sheets and hoods to look like the ghosts of Confederate soldiers. They would attack in the middle of the night to lynch Freedmen or burn crosses on the lawns of carpetbaggers and scalawags