Disorders of the Musculoskeletal System

1. Disorders of the Musculoskeletal System Medical Surgical 1 Med-Surg 1

2. Introduction • Know those terms! • Review of A and P • Bones • Parts to a long bone • Bone shapes • Joints • Ligaments, tendons, and cartilage • Adult vs. Child • Muscles Med-Surg 1

3. Nursing Care • Positioning • Neurovascular integrity • Pain • Cast care • Equipment • Positioning • Body casts • Handling • Assessments • Teaching • Perineal care • Turning • Cleanliness • Removal Med-Surg 1

4. Nursing Care • Traction care • Purpose-relief of muscle spasms, fractures, reduce dislocations • Types- • Skin-Bucks, Russell, Bryants, Thomas • Skeletal- Pelvic, Cervical • Nursing care for traction • Splints • Orthopedic devices-crutches, braces, canes, walking iron, collars, corsets, back braces • General orthopedic nursing care • Dietary interventions Med-Surg 1

5. Soft Tissue Disorders • Contusion-injury to soft tissue • Dislocation-displacement of a bone from normal position • Sprain-trauma to a ligament • Strain-trauma to a muscle Med-Surg 1

6. Bone Fractures • Types of fractures-see handout • Causes-Direct or indirect trauma, diseased or weakened bone, muscular contraction • Signs and symptoms-pain, loss of function, deformity, edema, warmth, loss of sensation, unnatural movement, crepitus, external rotation, length discrepancies, protrusion • Treatment-pain control, reduction, splint, immobilize, infection control • Fracture healing Med-Surg 1

7. Complications of Fractures • Delayed union-union takes longer than expected • Nonunion-healing fails to occur • Pulmonary embolism-secondary to DVT • Fat embolism-rare, fat is released from a long bone • Gas gangrene and tetanus-syndrome-both are caused by anaerobic bacteria • Compartment syndrome-caused by edema Med-Surg 1

8. Joint Disorders • Ganglion cyst-cystic tumor in tendon sheath • Carpal tunnel syndrome-neuropathy from pressure on median nerve • Tendonitis-inflammation of a tendon Med-Surg 1

9. Degenerative Disorders • Osteoporosis-degeneration of the bone • Osteomyelitis-bone inflammation or infection • Rheumatoid arthritis (RA)-systemic joint inflammation • Degenerative joint disease or osteoarthritis (OA)-joints degenerate, usually weight bearing joints Med-Surg 1

10. Anti-inflammatory drugs • Used to treat disorders of the musculoskeletal system involving inflammation • Analgesics and corticosteroids • NSAIDS • Salicylates • Nursing interventions Med-Surg 1

11. Surgical Interventions • Arthroplasty-plastic surgery of a diseased joint the increase mobility • Arthroscopy-introduction of instruments or scope into joint for exam • Hip arthroplasty-used with arthritis of the femoral head (replaces femoral head with prosthesis) • Total knee replacement-surgical intervention for arthritis Med-Surg 1

12. Inflammatory Joint Disorders • Gout-metabolic disease causing uric acid accumulation in the blood • Diet • Treatment • Bursitis-inflammation of the bursa • Causes • Signs and symptoms • Treatment Med-Surg 1

13. Neoplastic Disorders • Multiple myeloma-disease of plasma cells that infiltrates the bone marrow • Osteogenic sarcoma-malignant bone tumor • Metastatic bone cancer-originates in other areas of the body Med-Surg 1

14. Amputation • Removal of an extremity or part of a limb • BEA, AEA, AKA, BKA • Pre-op • Post-op • Phantom limb pain End of Med-Surg 1 - Unit 10! Med-Surg 1