Montana Workers’ Compensation Montana State Fire Chiefs Conference October 2011 Great Falls, Montana

1. Montana Workers’ CompensationMontana State Fire Chiefs Conference October 2011 Great Falls, Montana Jeff Griffin Tammy Jeffries

3. A report on Firefighter Injuries and Current Coverage Issues

4. Four Goals • Evaluate the risk of injury to Firefighters • Montana Law • Current coverage practices • Challenges

5. Should Risk Leadership Be a High Priority in your Organization How big is the problem of accidents and injuries? • Injuries and accidents to Fire Department employees is estimated to cost over 2.7 billion dollars a year nation wide • Studies indicate that for every dollar an insurance company will spend in 2011 on the Public Entity claims, the Public Entity will spend an additional $4.00 in hidden costs • Criminal Charges - The new challenge for Public Entities

6. If it is PREDICTABLE It is PREVENTABLE Regulations and standards are only the starting point of a quality Risk Leadership program. • 7.5% of all injuries and suits are attributed to “things” Focusing on the Human Factor is the key to a successful Risk Leadership program. • 92.5% of all injuries have one common thread!

7. Fundamentals of Exposures Liability Workers’ Compensation Property

8. NFPA FIREFIGHTER FATALITIES IN THE US

13. NFPA FIREFIGHTER INJURIES IN THE US

16. Understanding the Power of the Near Miss • Near Miss Relationships 1 Serious 59 Minor 600 Near Misses

18. Understanding the Power of the Near Miss • Near Miss Relationships 1 Serious 59 Minor 600 Near Misses Cultural Drift Flawed Behavior

20. RATES FOR 2008-2009 CLASSCODE 7710 • Alabama 3.55 • Alaska 4.54 • Arkansas 3.79 • Colorado 3.66 • Connecticut 5.02 • Georgia 3.63 • Hawaii 2.76 • Idaho 3.36 • Illinois 10.43 • Indiana 1.88 • Iowa 21.99 • Kansas 4.09 • Kentucky 2.99 • Louisiana 3.46 • Maine 5.18 • Maryland 4.62 • Mississippi 5.44 • Missouri 4.64 • Nebraska 9.25 • Nevada 9.93 • New Hampshire 9.99 • New Mexico 4.00 • North Carolina 3.41 • Oklahoma 4.95 • Oregon* 2.45 • *Composite • 0.99 • Rhode Island 3.99 • South Carolina 4.56 • South Dakota 10.58 • Tennessee 10.37 • Utah 1.31 • Vermont 6.30 • Virginia 2.77 • West Virginia 4.24 • Wisconsin 11.15

21. If it is PREDICTABLE It is PREVENTABLE Regulations and standards are only the starting point of a quality Risk Leadership program. • 7.5% of all injuries and suits are attributed to “things” Focusing on the Human Factor is the key to a successful Risk Leadership program. • 92.5% of all injuries have one common thread!

22. Workers’ Compensation • Common-law principle – the employer was responsible for the injury or death of an employee resulting from a negligent act. • Achieve two goals - • Provide medical care and income to workers injured on the job & death benefits to families of workers killed on the job. • Protect employers from costly and unpredictable lawsuits by workers.

23. Montana History • 1909 - State Accident Insurance and Total Permanent Disability Fund • 1911 – Montana Supreme Court declares it unconstitutional • 1915 – Montana Legislature enacts a comprehensive Workers’ Compensation Act

24. “Exclusive” or “Sole” Remedy • MCA 39-71-411 Employer is not subject to any liability whatever for the death or personal injury to an employee covered by the Workers’ Compensation Act or for any claims for contribution or indemnity asserted by a third person from who damages are sought on account of such injuries or death.

25. Quid Pro Quo • Exchange of rights • Employees by relieving them of the responsibility of proving employer negligence • Employers by relieving them of liability from common-law suits involving negligence

26. Volunteer Firefighters • Volunteers are not “employees” • No remuneration –they don’t receive a salary • Volunteer hours means – time spent in training, response time and on employer’s premise • Not mandatory

27. Subsequent Injury Fund Concurrent Employment39-71-118 (7) (c) “Employment in which the employee was actually employed at the time of the injury and would have continued to be employed without a break in the term of employment if not for the injury.”

28. Exclusions to Benefits • Owners: • Sole proprietor • Partners • Non- subject Corporate Officers

29. Private Carriers • Reluctant to insure Volunteers • Pay benefits based upon wages where they don’t collect the premium • Collect premium based upon an hourly rate • Exposure – high risk

30. Wage/Benefit Calculations • National Council on Compensation (NCCI) – Class Code 7704 • Assumed wage - $300 per year • Minimum wage - $7.35 per hour • Assumed wage - $100 per year or $7.35/hr • Varies from Insurers – Private, Risk Pools, State Fund

31. Independent Contractor Test • 39-71-120 (1): An “independent contractor” is one who renders service in the course of an occupation and: (a) has been and will continue to be free from control or direction over the performance of the services, both under contract and in fact; and (b) Is engaged in an independently established trade, occupation, profession, or business.

33. Current Coverage Practices • Montana number of fire service agencies • National 300 • Projected 400

34. Montana number of firefighters covered by workers’ compensation Covered Number of firefighters Paid ≈ 700 ≈ 700 Volunteer  3600  5100

35. ≈ Purchasing Workers’ Compensation Purchasing Supplemental

36. Purchasing Both Workers’ Compensation and SupplementalBare

37. Challenges • The Law vs. common practice • What a court might do • What your liability carrier would do

39. Challenges • The cost of workers’ compensation

40. Challenges • Coverage Issues

42. Challenges • Identification of agencies with little or no coverage

43. Challenges • A possible legislative fix

46. Challenges • Can MFCA’s have an impact on cost

48. Montana Workers’ CompensationMontana State Fire Chiefs Conference October 2011 Great Falls, Montana Jeff Griffin Tammy Jeffries