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Property Value

Property Value. Jarred McGinnis. Research Scientist Assistant. May 13, 2002. Motivation. In the component library, There exists entities and events and relations between the two Allows the representation of things that exist and occur

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Property Value

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  1. Property Value Jarred McGinnis Research Scientist Assistant May 13, 2002

  2. Motivation • In the component library, There exists entities and events and relations between the two • Allows the representation of things that exist and occur • The need to express more more developed and richer representations of entities and events

  3. Outline • Property Value Basics • Appearance in Shaken • Constraints • Increase and Decrease • Open Issues

  4. Why Properties are not Entities • Entities are independent • Properties are not independent • Dependent on entities and events • Entities are derived from nouns • Properties arise from adjectives and adverbs

  5. From nodepropertyTo node Entity age Age-Value Entity animacy Animacy-Value Tangible-Entity area Area-Value Tangible-Entity breakability Breakability-Value Tangible-Entity brightness Brightness-Value Tangible-Entity capacity Capacity-Value Tangible-Entity color Color-Value Tangible-Entity consistency Consistency-Value Tangible-Entity density Density-Value Tangible-Entity depth Depth-Value Event direction Direction-Value Event distance Distance-Value Event duration Duration-Value Event frequency Frequency-Value Tangible-Entity height Height-Value Tangible-Entity integrity Integrity-Value Inventory Tangible-Entity length Length-Value Event manner Manner-Value Tangible-Entity mass Mass-Value Chemical-Object pH PH-Value Chemical-Object polarity Polarity-Value Event rate Rate-Value Organism sentience Sentience-Value Organism sex Sex-Value Tangible-Entity shape Shape-Value Tangible-Entity size Size-Value Tangible-Entity smell Smell-Value Tangible-Entity taste Taste-Value Tangible-Entity temperature Temperature-Value Tangible-Entity texture Texture-Value Tangible-Entity thickness Thickness-Value Tangible-Entity volume Volume-Value Tangible-Entity wetness Wetness-Value Tangible-Entity width Width-Value

  6. Property-Group Hierarchy • Property-Group • Constant • Age-Constant • *old • Property-Value • Age-Value • Scale • Age-Scale • *young-old-scale • Unit of Measurement • UoM-Area • *square-inch

  7. Three Kinds of Properties • Cardinal • (:pair <number> <unit of measurement>) • Ex: 5o Celsius • Scalar • (:pair <constant> <class>) • Ex: a truck is widewith respect to cars • Categorical • (<constant>) • Ex: red shirt

  8. Scales and Scalars Cold to Hot scale - (:seq *cold *warm *hot) Freezing to Boiling scale - (:seq *freezing *cold *warm *hot *boiling)

  9. Representation in KM (*yourshirt has (instance-of (Object)) (color ((a Color-Value with (value (*white)) )) ) ) • constants go to values, values go to properties

  10. Single Value with Multiple Representations (*mywater has (instance-of (Drink)) temperature ((a Temperature-Value with (value ((:pair 20 *Celsius) (:pair *cold Drink) (:pair *hot Ice) ))))))

  11. Less than/Greater than/Same as (*mywater has (instance-of (Drink)) temperature ((a Temperature-Value with (value ((:pair 20 *Celsius) (:pair *cold Drink) (:pair *hot Ice))) (less-than (the temperature of *myhotwater)) )))

  12. Outline • Property Value Basics • Appearance in Shaken • Constraints • Increase and Decrease • Open Issues

  13. Appearance in Shaken • Link a concept to a property value via a property arc • Add specific information about the property value • Encode information comparing two property values

  14. Results of adding Values to a Property

  15. Comparison of Property Values

  16. Outline • Property Value Basics • Appearance in Shaken • Constraints • Increase and Decrease • Open Issues

  17. Constraints • Syntax • the value formats are legal • Semantic • the input is meaningful and relevant • Bounds Checking • The value is within a user defined range

  18. Constraints (Context) (Property-Value has (min-value (constraint . . . (value (constraint . . . (max-value (constraint . . . )

  19. Example (*mywater has (instance-of (Drink)) temperature ((a Temperature-Value with (value ((:pair 20 *Celsius) (:pair *cold Drink) (:pair *hot Ice) ))))))

  20. Constraints (Syntax) (constraint ( (if (has-value (the scalar-constant-class of (the property-slot of Self))) then ( (((the1 of TheValue) isa Number) and (oneof (the cardinal-unit-class of (the property-slot of Self)) where (It covers (the2 of TheValue)))) or ((oneof (the scalar-constant-class of (the property-slot of Self)) where (It covers (the1 of TheValue))) and ((the2 of TheValue) is-subsumed-by (the domain of (the property-slot of Self))))) else ( (oneof (the categorical-constant-class of (the property-slot of Self)) where (It covers TheValue)))) ))))

  21. Constraints (Syntax) (constraint ( (if (has-value (the scalar-constant-class of (the property-slot of Self))) then ( (((20) isa Number) and (oneof (the cardinal-unit-class of (the property-slot of Self)) where (It covers (the2 of TheValue)))) or ((oneof (the scalar-constant-class of (the property-slot of Self)) where (It covers (the1 of TheValue))) and ((the2 of TheValue) is-subsumed-by (the domain of (the property-slot of Self))))) else ( (oneof (the categorical-constant-class of (the property-slot of Self)) where (It covers TheValue)))) ))))

  22. Constraints (Semantic) (temperature has (instance-of (Property)) (superslots ()) (subslots ()) (domain (Tangible-Entity)) (range (Temperature-Value)) (scale-class (Temperature-Scale)) (scalar-constant-class (Temperature-Constant)) (cardinal-unit-class (UoM-Temperature)) (inverse (temperature-of)) (fluent-status (*Inertial-Fluent)) (situation-specific (t)) (cardinality (N-to-N)))

  23. Property-Group Hierarchy • Property-Group • Constant • Temperature-Constant • *hot • Property-Value • Temperature-Value • Scale • Temperature-Scale • *hot-cold-scale • Unit of Measurement • UoM-Temperature • *Fahrenheit

  24. Constraints (Context) (Property-Value has (property-slot ((the range-of of (the instance-of of Self)))) (property-of-slot ((the domain-of of (the instance-of of Self)))) (min-value (constraint . . . (value (constraint . . . (max-value (constraint . . . )

  25. Example (*mywater has (instance-of (Drink)) temperature ((a Temperature-Value with (value ((:pair 20 *Celsius) (:pair *cold Drink) (:pair *hot Ice) ))))))

  26. Constraints (Semantic, Cardinal) (constraint ( (if (has-value (the scalar-constant-class of (the property-slot of Self))) then ( (((the1 of TheValue) isa Number) and (oneof (the cardinal-unit-class of (the property-slot of Self)) where (It covers (the2 of TheValue)))) or ((oneof (the scalar-constant-class of (the property-slot of Self)) where (It covers (the1 of TheValue))) and ((the2 of TheValue) is-subsumed-by (the domain of (the property-slot of Self))))) else ( (oneof (the categorical-constant-class of (the property-slot of Self)) where (It covers TheValue)))) ))))

  27. Constraints (Semantic, Cardinal) (constraint ( (if (has-value (the scalar-constant-class of (the property-slot of Self))) then ( (((the1 of TheValue) isa Number) and (oneof (the cardinal-unit-class of (temperature)) where (It covers (the2 of TheValue)))) or ((oneof (the scalar-constant-class of (the property-slot of Self)) where (It covers (the1 of TheValue))) and ((the2 of TheValue) is-subsumed-by (the domain of (the property-slot of Self))))) else ( (oneof (the categorical-constant-class of (the property-slot of Self)) where (It covers TheValue)))) ))))

  28. Constraints (Semantic, Cardinal) (constraint ( (if (has-value (the scalar-constant-class of (the property-slot of Self))) then ( (((the1 of TheValue) isa Number) and (oneof (UoM-Temperature) where (It covers (*Celsius)))) or ((oneof (the scalar-constant-class of (the property-slot of Self)) where (It covers (the1 of TheValue))) and ((the2 of TheValue) is-subsumed-by (the domain of (the property-slot of Self))))) else ( (oneof (the categorical-constant-class of (the property-slot of Self)) where (It covers TheValue)))) ))))

  29. Constraints (Semantic, Scalar) ((oneof (the scalar-constant-class of (the property-slot of Self)) where (It covers (the1 of TheValue))) and ((the2 of TheValue) is-subsumed-by (the domain of (the property-slot of Self))))) • (:pair *cold Drink) (:pair *hot Ice)

  30. Constraints (Semantic, Scalar) ((oneof (the scalar-constant-class of temperature) where (It covers (the1 of TheValue))) and ((the2 of TheValue) is-subsumed-by (the domain of (the property-slot of Self))))) • (:pair *cold Drink) (:pair *hot Ice)

  31. Constraints (Semantic, Scalar) ((oneof (Temperature-Constant) where (It covers *cold <*hot>)) and ((the2 of TheValue) is-subsumed-by (the domain of (the property-slot of Self))))) • (:pair *cold Drink) (:pair *hot Ice)

  32. Constraints (Semantic, Scalar) ((oneof (the scalar-constant-class of (the property-slot of Self)) where (It covers (the1 of TheValue))) and ((the2 of TheValue) is-subsumed-by (the domain of (the property-slot of Self)) ))) • (:pair *cold Drink) (:pair *hot Ice)

  33. Constraints (Semantic, Scalar) ((oneof (the scalar-constant-class of (the property-slot of Self)) where (It covers (the1 of TheValue))) and (Drink <Ice> is-subsumed-by Tangible-Entity) ))) • (:pair *cold Drink) (:pair *hot Ice)

  34. Example (*mywater has (instance-of (Drink)) temperature ((a Temperature-Value with (value ((:pair 20 *Celsius) (:pair *cold Drink) (:pair *hot Ice))) (min-value ((:pair –32 *Fahrenheit) (:pair *freezing Drink))) (max-value ((:pair 173 *Kelvin) (:pair *boiling Drink))) ))))

  35. Constraints (Bounding) • Written in Lisp • Determine whether the bounding value is a cardinal, scalar or non-existent • Returns t if bounds are respected or value does not exist • Returns nil if bounds are compromised

  36. Constraints (Bounding, Cardinals) • Calls Novak conversion program • Compares the values (the value should be greater than the minimum value but less than the maximum value • Temperature values require a special function call

  37. Constraints (Bounding, Scalars) • Find a value with the same reference class • Find the first instance of a Scale that contains the constant from the value and bounding value • Compare the position of each constant in the scale (the value should have a higher position than the min-value but a lower position than the max-value’s constant)

  38. Outline • Property Value Basics • Appearance in Shaken • Constraints • Increase and Decrease • Open Issues

  39. Increase/Decrease • Slots of an Inc/Dec action are an object and a property of that object whose value is to be Inc/Dec • New value will be greater-than/Less-than the old value • Unique names for particular Inc/Dec

  40. Increase / Decrease Property (Increase/Decrease) Age (-/Age) Area(Contract/Expand) Brightness(Dim/Brighten) Length(Shorten/Lengthen) Temperature(Cool/Heat) Wetness(Dry/Wet) Width(Narrow/Widen) (every Heat has-definition (instance-of (Increase)) (property (temperature)))

  41. Increase / Decrease (*mytea has (instance-of (Substance)) (temperature (*myteatemperature))) (*myteatemperature has (instance-of (Temperature-Value)) (value ((:pair *cool Substance))))

  42. Increase / Decrease [_Situation2] KM> (a Increase with (object (*mytea)) (property (temperature))) (COMMENT: _Increase3 satisfies definition of Heat,) (COMMENT: so changing _Increase3's classes from (Increase) to (Heat)) (_Increase3 #|"a Heat"|#) [_Situation2] KM> (do-and-next (thelast Heat)) (_Situation5) [_Situation5] KM> (the greater-than of (the temperature of *mytea)) (*myteatemperature)

  43. Outline • Property Value Basics • Appearance in Shaken • Constraints • Increase and Decrease • Open Issues

  44. Open Issues • Full implementation of Increase and Decrease • Including integration with Shaken • User-defined properties, constants, scales and actions that involve properties • Full implementation of bounding • Back-end support • Much stronger use of scales • Relating scales to cardinals • (ex: *hot Drink = ? *Celsius) • Possibility of a non-inclusive scale • Discrete scales vs. Non

  45. References • Ken Barker. Shaken Properties and Values. http://www.cs.utexas.edu/users/kbarker/working_notes/gpd01040201-Properties.html • Ken Barker. An Inventory of Entity Properties. http://www.cs.utexas.edu/users/kbarker/working_notes/properties.html • Guarino, Nicola and Welty, Christopher. 2001 Identity and Subsumption. LADSEB-CNR Internal Report 01/2001

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