Review: Muscles that act on the spine

1. Review:Muscles that act on the spine • Look out for the penguin!!!

2. What muscles extend the vertebralcolumn? Erector spinae Rotatores Multifidi Semispinalis (capitis) Quadratus Lumborum

3. What muscles flex the spine? Rectus abdominis External oblique Internal oblique

4. What muscle rotates the spine to the SAME side? Internal Oblique

5. Hip Pelvic Girdle

6. Fx of hip • Supports the visceral organs (pelvic floor) • Attaches lower limbs • Bears weight of body when standing and moving.

7. Bony Connections of the Pelvis - An Overview • The word pelvis means “basin” • It is a cylindrical structure composed of 3 articulating bones, associated muscles, and ligaments that make up the pelvic floor.

8. Bones of the Pelvic Girdle • Two hip bones: Coxa • Sacrum • Coccyx

9. The Hip Bones (or Coxal Bones)   The bones have 3 fused segments: 1. Ilium (in yellow) 2. Ischium (in light pink) 3. Pubis (in fushcia)

10. Joints of the Pelvis

11. Pelvic Girdle Articulates with Femur Articulates with Femur • Articulates with the Acetabulum of the Coxa = Acetabulofemoral Joint

12. Acetabulum • The junction of these 3 segments forms the acetabulum • Ischium, • Ilium, • Pubis • The acetabulum is a deep, bony socket that articulates with the head of the femur to form the hip joint.

13. Posterior View . Hip Joint

14. ) Boney landmarks of the Hip Ischial Tuberosity – is the bony prominence most inferior and posterior on the ischium; this is the bone we call the "sitz bones" that bears weight when we sit. Medial surface of the Ilium this is the internal bowl or scoop-shaped area of the ilium that houses the internal iliac fossa. In this fossa is the location of the iliacus muscle.

15. Boney landmarks of the Hip . Lateral surfaces • Iliac Crest • Anterior Superior Iliac Spine (ASIS) • Anterior Inferior Iliac Spine (AIIS) • Posterior Superior Iliac Spine (PSIS) • Greater Sciatic Notch (GSN)

16. IliacCrest –The most superior aspect of the Ileum. You can feel this when you place your hands on your hips. It is the bone your hands rest on. Anterior Superior Iliac Spine (ASIS) this is the most anterior portion of the ilium; it is a small, sharp bony prominence.

17. Posterior Superior Iliac Spine(PSIS) – this is the posterior bony prominence of the ilium. Greater Sciatic Notch(GSN)– this is the opening in the posterior aspect of the ilium. It provides the pathway by which the sciatic nerve passes into the lower extremity.

21. Differences in the Pelvic Structure Female pelvis Male Pelvis Female pelvis: wider iliac crest larger pelvic bowl greater distance between ischeal tuberosities

22. The Sacrum Made from 5 fused vertebrae.

23. Sacrum The Sacrum articulates with the fifth lumbar vertebrae and Coccyx.

24. Joints of the Sacrum The Sacrum also articulates with the right and left coxal bone.

25. The Sacrum The Sacral Foramina – small openings on the sacrum through which branches of the sacral nerves pass. Sacral base – The superior surface of S1 that articulates with L5 The Sacral Promontory – upper, anterior edge of S1. The Apex of the Sacrum – this is the caudal surface of S5 and makes up the lower portion of the sacrum.  

26. Ligaments of the Pelvis: posterior view

27. Ligaments of the Pelvis:anterior view

28. The Sacrospinous and Sacrotuberous ligaments add stability to the pelvis though they don’t attach to the hip joint.

29. Ileolumbar ligaments

30. Iliofemoral Lig anteriorly strengthens the capsule Ischiofemoral Lig posteriorly strengthens the capsule Pubofemoral Lig strengthens the inferior anterior capsule

33. Movements allowed by Hip ball and socket joint • Flexion • Extension • Adduction • Abduction • Medial Rotation • Lateral Rotation • Transverse Abduction • Transverse Adduction

34. Hip ROM • The hip has the second greatest range of motion in the human body, with the glenohumeral joint having the greatest range.

35. Flexion • Bending the joint resulting in a decrease of angle; moving the thigh or top of the pelvis forward.

36. Hip MovementsFlexion

37. Extension • Straightening the joint resulting in an increase of angle; moving the thigh or top of the pelvis backward.

38. Hip Movements Extension

39. Adduction • Medial movement of the thigh toward the midline of the body.

40. Hip Movements Adduction

41. Abduction • Lateral movement of thigh away from the midline of the body

42. Hip Movements Abduction

43. Transverse Adduction • Moving the thigh inward (toward the midline) with hip bent.

44. Hip Movements Transverse Adduction • Adductors adductor magnus adductor longus adductor brevis pectineus gracilis • Tensor fasciae latae

45. Transverse Abduction Moving the thigh outward (laterally) with hip bent.

46. Hip Movements Transverse Abduction • Gluteus maximus • Gluteus medius • Gluteus minimus • Piriformis • Obturator externus

47. Hip Movements Medial Rotation(Internal Rotation) • Rotary movement around the longitudinal axis of the bone toward the center of the body; turning the thigh or pelvis inward.

48. Hip Movements Medial Rotation(Internal Rotation)

49. Hip Movements Lateral Rotation (External Rotation) • Rotary movement around the longitudinal axis of the bone away from the center of the body • - turning the thigh or pelvis outward. • Gemellus superior • Gemellus inferior • Obturator internus • Obturator externus • Quadratus femoris • Piriformis • Gluteus maximus • Gluteus medius, posterior fibers • Sartorius • Ileopsoas • Biceps Femoris

50. End of show