420 likes | 439 Views
Resources and Land Use. Section 1 World Resources. A resource is something of value. Early people used the resources that they had…trees, water, rocks, plants. People today are just as dependent on the resources they have…trees, water, rocks, plants.
E N D
Section 1 World Resources
Early people used the resources that they had…trees, water, rocks, plants. People today are just as dependent on the resources they have…trees, water, rocks, plants. Most important resource - the sun is expected to last 5 billion years or more.
Kinds of Resources • Capital resources – money and machines used to produce goods or services • Human resources – the people who perform various tasks • Natural resources - materials that people take from the natural environment to survive and to satisfy their needs.
Renewable Resources Environment continues to supply or replace them • Water cycle • Plants, soil • Sun – although not renewable – will last awhile • Natural growth takes time • Humans can interfere with the time it takes to replace resources
Nonrenewable Resources • Cannot be replaced once they have been used • Limited supply/millions of years to replace • Fossil fuels – coal, oil, natural gas • Minerals – copper, uranium, gold • Recycling is important but limiting consumption is needed
Fossil Fuels • Fossil fuel dependence by industrialized nations • Supplies of oil, natural gas unevenly spread in world so most need to import • At present use, supplies will end in less than a century • Southwest Asia contains most of oil reserves • Northern Eurasia has most natural gas reserves
Coal • Coal deposits • Larger and more widely distributed • Large deposits found in US, China, Russia • World’s reserves last 200 yrs • Burning coal creates air pollution such as acid rain
Nuclear Energy • Nuclear Energy • Produced by fission – splitting of uranium atoms in a nuclear reactor to release their stored energy • Uses uranium – which is non-renewable • Concerns – nuclear leaks, disposal of nuclear waste, nuclear explosions
Other Energy Sources • Water power – hydroelectric • use of falling water to move machinery or generate electricity • New dams need to be built – considered renewable • Wind power • Ocean tides • Geothermal energy - use magma heat produces steam/electricity (Iceland, Japan, New Zealand, US) • Solar energy – potentially the greatest renewable source
Distribution of Resources • Not evenly distributed so that affects: • where people live • what sorts of economic activities they pursue • what trade networks are needed • Japan – rely on imports • Saudi Arabia - rely on exports • Global economy is reliant on supply of natural resources
Section 2 World Economic Activity
How do economies affect how/where countries develop? Technology and resource distribution affects economic activities affects trade patterns affects levels of development
Four Categories • Primary • Secondary • Tertiary • Quarternary
Primary Economic Activities • Rely directly on natural resources • Fishing, forestry, mining • Hunting, gathering, and herding • Ancient primary activities • Based on environmental knowledge • Passed down from generation to generation
Primary Economic Activities • Farming • Most important basic economy • Developing nations • 50% farming • Advanced nations • Less than 10% farming
Variety of agricultural/farming methods • Subsistence farming • Developing countries • Grow enough for family’s needs • Have a good harvest, may sell or trade excess • Tools and techniques are very basic • Rely on animals or human power
Variety of agricultural/farming methods • Commercial farming • Advanced economies • Crop is entirely sold at market • Modern equipment and techniques • Small labor force needed to produce crops • Some plantations in 3rd world countries • Geographic and economic factors influence the location of commercial farms – cheap land
Secondary Activities • People use raw materials to produce or manufacture new products of greater value • Processing wheat into flour • Milling lumber • Producing electricity
Secondary Activities • Cottage Industries • Subsistence economies • Made in homes • Small in size • Made by hand
Secondary Activities • Commercial industries • Turn out large quantities of goods • Automobiles, appliances, heavy machinery • Factories are built near raw materials • Need to be able to ship finished goods • Need skilled workers, access to energy and transportation
Tertiary Activities • Service industries • Do not need raw materials • Pursue activities that serve others • Lawyers, doctors, cab drivers, firefighters • Located where services are required
Quarternary Activities • Modern economies • Focus on the acquisition, processing and sharing of information • Education, research, government, information processing • Can be located anywhere but are usually concentrated around highly educated people • Internet is important
Basics of trade • Nations who do not have natural resources establish a trading network • Goods sent out of a country – exports • Goods brought into a country - imports
Trade Balance • Governments seek balance • between exports and imports • Too many foreign goods (imports) • cause lost profits • local businesses to fail • Increases a country’s debt • Limit imports • impose taxes (tariffs) on imported goods • Products cost more/encourage buy local goods
Trade Routes • Trade routes determined by • geography • transportation technology • international relations • History of trade • Ancient spice trade • Ancient trade of Greek and Roman empires • Today - world trade • relies on computers, shipping, airlines
Level of development • Economic activities and trade patterns • GDP – gross domestic product – total value of goods and services produced in a year divided by its total population
Developed Country • High GDP • High standard of living • High level of education • High level of health care • Better transportation, communication • People generally consume more food and live longer • US, France, Germany, Japan
Developing Country • Third World countries • Lack adequate industries, modern technology • Depend on developed nations for manufactured goods • Government instability • Low standard of living • Poor education, health care • Nigeria, El Salvador, Ecuador, Vietnam
Great disparity among nations • Wealthy nations invest money to help poorer countries build their economies • UN works to help stabilize countries by providing health care • Ideas are exchanged to promote political economic and social change
Developed Nations Technology is high Industry Per capita GNP- high Less dependent on other countries Developing Nations Technology is lower Less industry More agriculture Per capita GNP- low Dependent on other countries for support and financial aid Often third world Economic Activities