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The Ming Dynasty

The Ming Dynasty. Main Idea: Ming rulers strengthened China’s government and brought back peace and prosperity. Ming Dynasty. Is about …. Beginnings. Reforms. Culture. The Ming Dynasty Begins. In 1368 a rebel leader named Zhu Yuanzhang became emperor.

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The Ming Dynasty

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  1. The Ming Dynasty Main Idea: Ming rulers strengthened China’s government and brought back peace and prosperity

  2. Ming Dynasty Is about … Beginnings Reforms Culture

  3. The Ming Dynasty Begins • In 1368 a rebel leader named Zhu Yuanzhang became emperor. • He moved the capital to Nanjing, in southern China. • There he founded the Ming, or “Brilliant,” dynasty.

  4. The Ming Dynasty 1368-1644

  5. “Military Emperor” • Zhu took the name Hong Wu, or “Military Emperor.” Actions of Hong Wu: • He brought back order, but was a cruel leader. • He killed any officials that he suspected of treason, or disloyalty to the government.

  6. Hong Wu’s Improvements • Hong Wu had many of the walls, roads, and canals rebuilt that were destroyed by the Mongols. • He also ordered new forests to be planted and new roads built.

  7. Yong Le • After Hong Wu’s death, his son became emperor. • He took the name Yong Le. • In 1421 he moved the capital to Beijing.

  8. The Imperial City http://www.classzone.com/cz/books/ms_wh_survey/resources/html/animations/wh14_forbidden.html Actions of Yong Le: • He built large palaces and government buildings. What was the Forbidden City? • The very center of the Imperial City was known as the Forbidden City.

  9. The Forbidden City • Only top officials could enter the Forbidden City, because it was home to China’s emperors. • It had many beautiful gardens and many palaces. • The emperor and his court lived there in luxury.

  10. The Forbidden City http://www.thebeijingguide.com/forbidden_city/forbidden_city_virtual_tour.html

  11. Ming Reforms China • Ming emperors restored the civil service exams. • They carried out acensus, or count of the number of people. • Created a strong government which led to the growth of the economy.

  12. Ming Economy • Agriculture thrived • Grand Canal expanded • New types of rice • Silk industry • Cotton grown • Created beautiful porcelain

  13. Ming Culture • Chinese writers produced many novels, or long fictional stories. • Dramas were also performed on stage. These works included words and songs with dances, costumes, and symbolic gestures.

  14. Culture & Art - 1. Increased literacy leads to increased 2. Interest in cultural expressions, ideas, and things: • Literature. • Painting. • Ceramics. • Opera. Ming Cultural Revolution • Printing & Literacy 3.Cheap, popular books: • woodblock printing. • cheap paper. • Examination system. • Leads to explosion in literacy.  • Leads to further popularity of the commercial market.

  15. Chinese Theatre

  16. Ming Porcelain / Ceramics, 17c–18c

  17. Ming Porcelain

  18. Ming Vases, 18c

  19. China Explores the World • To reach other lands, Ming rulers began building large fleets of ships. • There is now evidence that the Chinese may have reached the Americas 100 years before Columbus.

  20. Chinese Junk Ships These monster ships were about 330 feet long and 132 feet wide.

  21. Zheng He • The leader of many journeys under emperor Yong Le, was Chinese Muslim and court official named Zheng He

  22. http://www.classzone.com/cz/books/ms_wh_survey/resources/html/animations/wh14_zhenghe.htmlhttp://www.classzone.com/cz/books/ms_wh_survey/resources/html/animations/wh14_zhenghe.html Zheng He’s Voyages1405–1433

  23. Zheng He Fleet • His first fleet had 62 large ships, 250 smaller ships, and almost 25,000 men. • The largest ship was over 440 feet long, five times longer than the Santa Maria.

  24. Why did the emperor want to send out fleets for exploration? • Emperors wanted to increase China’s influence abroad. • The emperor wanted to trade with other kingdoms. • They wanted to show off China’s power. • Emperors wanted tribute from weaker kingdoms.

  25. Zheng He’s Travels • Zheng He traveled to Southeast Asia, India, the Persian Gulf to Arabia, and even East Africa. • He brought back silver, spices, wood, and evengiraffes for the emperor’s zoo.

  26. First Voyage: 1405-1407 [62 ships; 27,800 men]. • Second Voyage: 1407-1409 [Ho didn’t go on this trip]. • Third Voyage: 1409-1411 [48 ships; 30,000 men]. • Fourth Voyage: 1413-1415 [63 ships; 28,500 men]. • Fifth Voyage: 1417-1419 • Sixth Voyage: 1421-1422 • Emperor Zhu Gaozhi cancelled future trips and ordered ship builders and sailors to stop work. • Seventh Voyage: 1431-1433 • Emperor Zhu Zhanji resumed the voyages in 1430 to restore peaceful relations with Malacca & Siam • 100 ships and 27,500 men; Zheng Ho died on the return trip. Admiral Zheng He’s Voyages

  27. End of Merchant Trade • Chinese officials began to complain about the cost of the trips and the new ideas from the outside world. • After Zheng He’s death, the voyages were stopped and the boats dismantled.

  28. Europeans in China • In 1514 a fleet from Portugal arrived in China. • The Chinese thought the Europeans were barbarians, or uncivilized people • A Portugal trade center was set up at the port of Macao, in southern China.

  29. The Fall of the Ming Dynasty • Ming rulers became weak. • Officials became greedy and took over. • High taxes were placed on the peasants. • The Manchus from the north defeated the Chinese armies and captured Beijing.

  30. The Ming Dynasty How did the Ming rulers support farmers? Ming rulers repaired and expanded the Grand Canal so that goods could be shipped from southern to northern China. They also imported new types of rice that grew faster and encouraged farmers to grow cotton and weave cloth.

  31. The Ming Dynasty What caused the loss of shipbuilding technology? The Ming emperors stopped the sea voyages Zheng He had authorized. Then they dismantled the boats and forbade any other ships to be built. In time, shipbuilding technology was forgotten.

  32. The Ming Dynasty What was the purpose of the Forbidden City and where was it located? The Forbidden City was home to China’s emperors and was located in Beijing.

  33. The Ming Dynasty How did the Chinese react to the arrival of Portuguese traders in 1514? The Chinese thought they were barbarians and at first refused to trade with them.

  34. The Ming Dynasty Cause and EffectWhy did Ming rulers repair and expand the Grand Canal? so that rice and other goods could be shipped to northern China

  35. The Ming Dynasty SummarizeWhy did Emperor Yong Le send Zheng He on his voyages? How did Zheng He’s voyages benefit China? Zheng was sent on voyages to show off China’s power and open trade between China and other countries; benefits to China were that Chinese traders settled in Southeast Asia and India where they traded goods and spread Chinese culture. China’s wealth grew.

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