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News about RHIC with comments about PHOBOS, BRAHMS and the Upgrade Plans for STAR and PHENIX

News about RHIC with comments about PHOBOS, BRAHMS and the Upgrade Plans for STAR and PHENIX Jim Thomas Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory SQM ‘06 @ UCLA March 31 st , 2006. BRAHMS. PHOBOS. PHENIX. News from RHIC. RHIC can run at 4.6 GeV – see GSFS

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News about RHIC with comments about PHOBOS, BRAHMS and the Upgrade Plans for STAR and PHENIX

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  1. News about RHIC with comments about PHOBOS, BRAHMS and the Upgrade Plans for STAR and PHENIX Jim Thomas Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory SQM ‘06 @ UCLA March 31st, 2006

  2. BRAHMS PHOBOS PHENIX News from RHIC RHIC can run at 4.6 GeV – see GSFS Proposal to retire the Tandem accelerators as the HI injector to RHIC An EBIS source will take their place All ions will be possible including U and polarized 3He Cost of operation will decrease Operational in 2010 h

  3. Cooling Solenoid (26 m, 2-5 T) Gold beam Buncher Cavity Debuncher Cavity e-Beam Dump Rf Gun Linac Luminosity Upgrade with Electron Cooling Gold collisions (100 GeV/n x 100 GeV/n): w/o e-cooling with e-cooling Ave. store luminosity [1026 cm-2 s-1] 8 70 Pol. Proton Collision (250 GeV x 250 GeV): Ave. store luminosity [1032 cm-2 s-1] 1.5 5.0 Electron cooling reduces the inter-beam Coulomb scattering and reduces the size of the beam at the IP Luminosity leveling through continuously adjusted cooling Store length limited to 4 hours by “burn-off” First collider accelerator to be limited by beam losses due to interactions that are the subject of study by the experiments

  4. BRAHMS 2 Spectrometers - fixed target geometry Magnets, Tracking Chambers, TOF, RICH PHOBOS “Table-top” 2 Arm Spectrometer Magnet, Si -Strips, Si Multiplicity Rings, TOF Paddle Trigger Counter TOF Spectrometer Octagon+Vertex Ring Counters Inclusive particle production over a large rapidity and pt range Low pt charged hadrons Multiplicity in 4 & Particle Correlations Two “Small” Detectors at RHIC

  5. News from PHOBOS and BRAHMS • PHOBOS has completed its data taking mission • Currently being de-commissioned • Analysis of data on tape is still on-going; such as flow observables from the Cu-Cu run • BRAHMS’ data taking mission is nearly complete • Request one brief run with polarized protons at 62 GeV • Analysis of data on tape is still on-going Congratulations to the “small” experiments for beautiful physics measurements over a large rapidity interval.

  6. STAR Solenoidal field Large Solid Angle Tracking TPC’s, Si-Vertex Tracking RICH, EM Cal, TOF PHENIX Axial Field High Resolution & Rates 2 Central Arms, 2 Forward Arms TEC, RICH, EM Cal, Si, TOF, -ID Measurements of Hadronic observables using a large acceptance spectrometer Leptons, Photons, and Hadrons in selected solid angles (especially muons) News from the “Large” Detectors at RHIC

  7. Detector Upgrades • Each detector discovers a different part of the Elephant’s story • The detector upgrades are designed to complete the coverage of the physics program • and open new vistas • the charm and beauty sector … dE/dx, flow, coalescence, NCQ scaling

  8. STAR Upgrades • Full Barrel MRPC TOF • DAQ Upgrade (order of magnitude increase in rate) • Tracking upgrade: • High precision Heavy Flavor Tracker near the vertex • Inner tracker • End cap tracker for W sign determination • Forward Meson Spectrometer

  9. The TOF Upgrade • Multiplate RPC technology • Beautiful electron ID • 85 ps timing resolution after slewing corrections • Each tray has 72 channels • 2 full tray this year, with new electronics • Proposal funded by the DOE • Construction and install in 2006, 2007, and 2008

  10. One “tray” (2p/60 azimuth, 0<h<1) K p p e • Doubles the pT range for PID

  11. TPC FEE and DAQ Upgrade – DAQ 1000 • Faster, smaller, better … ( 10x ) • Current TPC FEE and DAQ limited to 100 Hz • Replace TPC FEE with next generation CERN based chips … 1 kHz readout • Make the FEE smaller to provide space for a forward tracking upgrade • Further improvements by only archiving “associated” clusters – build on L3 algorithms … 5 kHz !

  12. Dual CERN D-RORC with fibers on the board Single D-RORC with 1 fiber mezzanine Mezzanine DDL ALICE FEE & DAQ • Four steps to an order of magnitude increase in data acquisition rates • TPC FEE (BNL&LBL) • TPC RDO (BNL) • DAQ Transmitter (CERN) • DAQ Receiver (CERN)

  13. The HFT: 2 layers of Si at mid rapidity The Heavy Flavor Tracker • A new detector • 30 mm silicon pixels to yield 10 mm space point resolution • 100 M pixels • Direct Topological reconstruction of Charm • Detect charm decays with small ct, including D0 K  • New physics • Charm collectivity and flow to test thermalization at RHIC • Charm Energy Loss to test pQCD in a hot and dense medium at RHIC • Desirable to have it in time for the next long Au-Au run

  14. Surround the vertex with Si A thin detector using 50 m Si to finesse the limitations imposed by MCS

  15. 3 layers of Si at mid rapidity 3 layers of Si + 2 layers of GEM at forward rapidity Inner & Forward Tracking Upgrades • The IST will add high quality space points to tracks in the TPC • Si at h = 0 • The FST and FGT add high quality space points at forward η • 1 < η < 2 • High Rate tracking for heavy flavor physics and W production • Add high quality space points to tracks at high rapidity in the TPC by putting a triple-GEM detector in the gap between the TPC electronics and the EEMC

  16. Forward Meson Spectrometer Upgrade • Study forward p0 production at RHIC ( 2.4 < h < 4.0 ) • Expand the existing FPD array for forward physics • 2.4 meter square array of PbGl EMCal modules on the West end • Use finer segmentation in the middle of the array • Study vector mesons that decay into p0 and/or photons. • Installation in ‘06

  17. The Forward Meson Spectrometer (detail) 3.8 cm inner 7.6 cm outer L.Bland End View of the PbGl Array ~ 2.4 m square, ~ 1500 PMTs Side View of the East Pole Tip

  18. Timeline for STAR Upgrades

  19. PHENIX Upgrade Plan • An aerogel and time-of-flight system to provide complete p/K/p separation for momenta up to 10~GeV/c. • A hadron-blind detector to detect and track electrons near the vertex • A vertex detector to detect displaced vertices from the decay of mesons containing charm or bottom quarks. • A muon trigger upgrade to preserve sensitivity at the highest projected RHIC luminosities. • A forward calorimeter to provide photon+jet studies over a wide kinematic range.

  20. PHENIX Central Arm Upgrades • Vertex Spectrometer • flexible magnetic field • VTX: silicon barrel vertex tracker • HBD and/or TPC • Enhanced Particle ID • TRD (east) • Aerogel/TOF (west) VTX VTX HBD/TPC HBD/TPC Aerogel/TOF TRD charm/beauty: TRD e/ above 5 GeV/c e+e- continuum: Dalitz rejection High pT phenomena: , K, p separation to 10 GeV/c charm/beauty: displaced vertex

  21. partner positron needed for rejection signal electron Cherenkov blobs Dalitz Rejection: a Hadron Blind Detector • Dalitz rejection via opening angle • HBD is a proximity focused Cherenkov detector with ~ 50 cm radiator length • Provides minimal signals for charged particle • HBD concept: • Windowless Cherenkov detector • CF4 as radiator and detector gas • CsI reflective photocathode • Triple GEM with pad readout Bandwidth 6-11eV, N0 ≈ 940cm-1, Npe ≈40 No photon feedback Low granularity, relatively low gain

  22. Silicon Vertex Tracker (VTX) VTX barrel |h|<1.2 Pixel Detectors at R ~ 2.5 & 5 cm Strip Detectors at R ~ 10 & 14 cm Endcap 1.2<|h|<2.7 Pixel barrel (50 mm x 425 mm) Strip barrels (80 mm x 3 cm) Endcap (extension) (50 mm x 2 mm) 1 - 2% X0 per layer barrel resolution < 50 mm endcap resolution < 150 mm

  23. Cerenkov Silicon endcap Muon from hadron decays Muon from W U-Tracker Nosecone Calorimeter Tail Catcher D-Tracker Forward Upgrade Components • Muon trigger • U-tracker (MuTr or new) • D-tracker (timing with RPC’s) • Cerenkov • Endcap Vertex Tracker • silicon pixel detectors • Nosecone EM Calorimeter • W-silicon (20-50 X/X0) • shower max • tail catcher charm/beauty & jets: displaced vertex g,g-jet,W,p0,h,c: calorimeter W and quarkonium: improved m-trigger rejection

  24. Nose-Cone Calorimeter • Prototype silicon wafer • 3 different versions of “stri-pixel” detectors for the preshower and shower max layers • Extended physics reach • Dq/q polarizations via spin dependent W-production • Small x-physics in d-A • Extended A-A program • high pT phenomena: p0 and g-jet • Replace existing PHENIX “nose-cones” (hadronic absorbers for muon arms) with Si-W calorimeter (Tungsten with Si readout) • Major increase in acceptance forphoton+jet studies

  25. PHENIX Upgrades Schedule R&D Phase Construction Phase Ready for Data

  26. Summary • The scientific program at RHIC is rich and diverse • Rare probes and high pt phenomena are a rich source of new discoveries • Strangeness, Charm, and Beauty are likely to yield even more new discoveries • We have promising spin program that is making critical and unique measurements • The scientific program at RHIC will keep getting better • The performance of the accelerator is improving each due to a carefully planned set of upgrades. • STAR will explore charm, beauty, and higher pt spectra at ever increasing data acquisition rates. • PHENIX will add sophisticated PID and tracking near the vertex. • These upgrades will yield exciting new physics results The Future is Very Bright

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