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CHAPTER 10 Racial and Ethnic Relations

CHAPTER 10 Racial and Ethnic Relations. Section 1: Race, Ethnicity, and the Social Structure Section 2: Pattern of Intergroup Relations Section 3: Minority Groups in the United States. Race, Ethnicity, and Minority Group.

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CHAPTER 10 Racial and Ethnic Relations

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  1. CHAPTER 10Racial and Ethnic Relations Section 1: Race, Ethnicity, and the Social Structure Section 2: Pattern of Intergroup Relations Section 3: Minority Groups in the United States

  2. Race, Ethnicity, and Minority Group • Race – a category of people who share inherited physical characteristics and who others see as being a distinct group. There are nearly 200 racial categories. ex: Whites, Blacks, Asians • Ethnicity – the set of cultural characteristics that distinguishes one group from another. ex: national origin, religion, language, customs • Minority Group – a group of people who, because of their physical characteristics or cultural practices, are singled out and unequally treated.

  3. Characteristics ThatDistinguish Minority Groups • Identifiable physical or cultural characteristics • Victims of unequal treatment • Group membership is an ascribed status • Members share strong bonds and a sense of loyalty • Members tend to practice endogamy – marriage within the group

  4. Prejudice – unsupported generalization about a category of people; involves attitudes and can be positive. • Discrimination – denial of equal treatment based on group membership; involves behaviors. ex: lynching, name calling, rudeness. • Legal Discrimination- upheld by the law. ex: apartheid, Brown vs. Board of Education

  5. Institutional Discrimination- an outgrowth of the structure of society. Unequal access to resources of society push minority groups into less powerful positons. Ex: jobs, housing, education. • Stereotype- oversimplified, exaggerated, or unfavorable generalization about a group of people. • Self-Fulfilling Prophecy- a prediction that results in behavior that makes the prediction come true. • Racism- the belief that one’s own race or ethnic group is naturally superior to other races or ethnic groups.

  6. Merton’s Patterns of Prejudice & Discrimination • Timid Bigot- prejudiced person who is afraid to discriminate. • Active Bigot- prejudiced person who discriminates. • All Weather Liberal- non-prejudiced person who does not discriminate. • Fair Weather Liberal- non-prejudiced person who discriminates.

  7. Sources of Discrimination & Prejudice 1. Social Environment:Accepted social norms that are learned. 2.Psychological Explanations: a. People have a particular type of personality (authoritarian) b. Frustration and anger Scapegoating- placing blame for ones troubles on an innocent individual or group. 3. Economic Explanations-Prejudice and discrimination arise out of competition for scarce resources.

  8. Patterns of Minority-Group Treatment • Cultural Pluralism– allows each group within society to keep its unique cultural identity. • Assimilation – blending of culturally distinct groups into a single group with a common culture and identity. Legal Protection– legal efforts to ensure the rights of minority groups.

  9. Patterns of Minority-Group Treatment • Segregation – practices that physically separate a minority group from the dominant group ex:United States • Subjugation – the maintaining of control over a group through force. ex: African Americans-Slavery, South Africa • Population Transfer – transferring a minority population to a new area. ex: Native Americans, Japanese Americans • Extermination – intentional destruction of the entire targeted population known as genocide. ex: Jews, Gypsies, Non-Serbs in Bosnia-Herzogonina.

  10. Section 3: Minority Groups in the United States Living Conditions of Minorities • African Americans – making gains toward equality, but statistics show members are lagging in education, employment, and income; becoming more politically active. • Hispanics – rapidly growing population; lagging in income and education; diverse population.

  11. Section 3: Minority Groups in the United States Living Conditions of Minorities • Asian Americans – contrast between first-generation immigrants, who are often poor, and second-generation, many of whom succeed educationally and financially; viewed as a “model minority,” although this term is resented.

  12. Section 3: Minority Groups in the United States Living Conditions of Minorities • American Indians – often live on reservations; high poverty and poor education; encouraged to assimilate; taking steps to establish sources of income and better schools • White Ethnics – includes some who assimilate quickly and others who remain victims of prejudice and discrimination; making gains in religious tolerance; good education level

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