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Simple and Complex renal Cysts

By: Nour-Eldin A Nour-Eldin. Simple and Complex renal Cysts. SIMPLE CYSTS. Simple cysts (in > 50% of population > 50 years) probably arise from obstructed tubules or ducts. They do not, however, communicate with collecting system.

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Simple and Complex renal Cysts

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  1. By: Nour-Eldin A Nour-Eldin Simple and Complex renal Cysts

  2. SIMPLE CYSTS • Simple cysts (in > 50% of population > 50 years) probably arise from obstructed tubules or ducts. • They do not, however, communicate with collecting system. • Most commonly asymptomatic; rare: hematuria (from cyst rupture), HTN,cyst infection. Mass effect from large cysts may cause dull ache or discomfort.

  3. Radiographic features , IVP: Lucent defect "Beak sign" can be seen with large cysts. Round indentations on collecting system Cortical bulge

  4. Radiographic features , US: Anechoic Sharply marginated, smooth walls Enhanced through-transmission

  5. Radiographic features , CT: No significant enhancement after IV contrast (<5HU) Smooth cyst wall Sharp demarcation Cyst wall too thin to be seen by CT Homogenous Water density (< 10-15 HU)

  6. Be Careful: Cysts that contain calcium, septations, and irregular margins (complicated cysts) need further workup True renal cysts should always be differentiated from hydronephrosis, calyceal diverticulum, and peripelvic cysts. Differentiate renal cyst from hypoechoic renal artery aneurysm using color Doppler US and Angiography

  7. Hydronephrosis:

  8. Parapelvic Cyst CalycealDiverticulum

  9. Renal Artery Aneurysm

  10. Complicated CYSTS Complicated cysts are cysts that do not meet the criteria of simple cysts and thus require further workup.

  11. Bosniak Classification:

  12. Radiographic Features of Complicated Cysts Septations Thin septa within cysts are usually benign. Thick or irregular septa require workup. Calcifications Thin calcifications in cyst walls are usually benign. Milk of calcium: collection of small calcific granules in cyst fluid: usually benign Increased CT density (> 15 HU) of cyst content Vast majority of these lesions are benign. High density is usually due to hemorrhage, high protein content, and/or calcium. Thick wall These lesions usually require surgical exploration.

  13. Simple renal cyst, Bosniak Category I.

  14. Bosniak Category II cyst Curvilinear calcification within a thin septum

  15. Bosniak Category II cyst Homogeneously hyperdense mass No increase in Density after IV contrast

  16. Bosniak Category II cyst Cyst with several internal septations and a minimally thickened wall

  17. Bosniak Category II cyst. Cyst with uniform, mild wall thickening and short, interrupted calcifications

  18. Bosniak Category II hyperdense cyst.

  19. Bosniak Category II cyst

  20. Bosniak Category II cyst. Nearly completely calcified mass with no obvious enhancing elements

  21. Bosniak Category II. subcentimeter rim calcified renal cyst

  22. Bosniak Category III. cystic mass with irregular wall thickening and associated heterogeneous nonenhancing elements

  23. Bosniak Category III complex cyst. multilocular, encapsulated mass

  24. Bosniak Category III complex cyst. Thick-walled, encapsulated, multilocular cystic mass with enhancing septa

  25. Bosniak Category IV cystic neoplasm.

  26. Bosniak Category IV cystic neoplasm

  27. A 42-year-old female with back pain, hematuria, and a renal mass discovered by lumbar spine MR. hyperdense (55 HU) 3 cm mass. enhance to 88 HU after IV contrast Renal cell carcinoma

  28. Thank you Thank you

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