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Cerebral Palsy

Cerebral Palsy. Cerebral palsy results from damage to the structures of the cerebral cortex, cerebellum, and spinal cord. It is characterized by atypical muscle tone and poor coordination among muscle groups which results in postural abnormalities and structural deformities. Cerebral Palsy.

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Cerebral Palsy

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  1. Cerebral Palsy Cerebral palsy results from damage to the structures of the cerebral cortex, cerebellum, and spinal cord. It is characterized by atypical muscle tone and poor coordination among muscle groups which results in postural abnormalities and structural deformities.

  2. Cerebral Palsy • Muscle Tone Abnormalities • Hypotonia • Hypertonia • Dystonia • Area of Involvement • Hemiplegia • Paraplegia • Quadriplegia

  3. Two Approaches • Neurodevelopment treatment (NDT) (Campbell 1995; Bobath, 1980) • Sensory Integration (Ayres, 1979)

  4. Important Factors of NDT • Tone • Quality of movement • contractures • range of motion • Quantity of movement

  5. Abnormal movement patterns caused by problems in muscle tone

  6. Support for Individualswith Cerebral Palsy • Goal: Normalization of muscle tone through using proper positioning and handling techniques. • Use adaptive equipment to normalize tone and to enable more movement and participation. • Encourage and teach normal movement patterns.

  7. Muscle Tone and Posture Posture is the extent to which the body is maintained in alignment with a variety of positions.

  8. Key Points of Control • Head and neck • Shoulders and shoulder girdle • Hips and pelvis

  9. Positioning is key for normalization of tone.

  10. Use of Adaptive Equipment for Positioning

  11. Considerations for Personswith Physical Disabilities • Teach normal movement patterns • Modify environment to increase access • Use alternative motor movement • Adapt materials or use devices

  12. Movement Develops… Cephalocaudally

  13. Movement Develops… Proximal to Distal

  14. Change positions frequently

  15. Developmental Balls for Relaxation

  16. Scooter for mobility

  17. The Pool Floor Raises for Wheelchair Entry

  18. Carpeted Gym Floor

  19. Reflex Inhibition • Startle Reflex • ATNR (Asymmetrical Tonic Neck Reflex) • STNR (Symmetrical Tonic Neck Reflex) • Equilibrium and Righting Reactions

  20. Sidelyer for Reflex Inhibition and Body Alignment

  21. Increase Access to Materials • Create Boundaries • Stabilize Objects • Use Grasping Aids • Use Manipulation Aids

  22. Sensory Integration • Many people with Autism and MR have atypical sensorimotor responses. • Approach seeks to inhibit sensitivity— examples—brushing for tactile defensiveness, deep pressure. • Approach seeks to integrate sensorimotor skills through vestibular integration—example—slow spinning. • THERE IS VERY LITTLE RESEACH ON THE EFFACY ON SENSORY INTEGRATION—BE A CAREFUL CONSUMER.

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