2005-2050 THE COMMERCIAL DEVELOPMENT OF SOLAR POWER

1. Cambridge Energy Forum 2005-2050 THE COMMERCIAL DEVELOPMENT OF SOLAR POWER Graham Ford, CEO HelioDynamics Ltd www.heliodynamics.com

2. IRRESISTABLE FORCESOIL & GAS PRICES, GLOBAL WARMING 160 years of crude oil prices, in gold Long range trends?

3. EUROPEAN ENERGY TRANSFORMEDCONSERVATION & RENEWABLES Modern energy sustainability: • Pan-European grid • Demand met by lower cost solar, bio-fuel, wind, wave and sequestered-carbon coal • Transport oil-use standards and bio-fuels • Materials re-use

4. A CHINK OF LIGHTSOLAR ENERGY BECOMES A BUSINESS • In 2005 - 2008, HelioDynamics brought to market 3 concentrated solar energy products • The cost of solar energy fell to that of wind and nuclear • Europe invested in solar as well as biofuel, wind, wave and sequestration

5. Lower cost Glass concentrating mirrors – made from flat Minimal wind cross-section Easy tracking More value 3 x efficiency 30 x power per wafer 3-day storage S. Europe & N. Africa HOW HD TRANSFORMED SOLARMORE FROM LESS

6. LOWEST COST SOLAR ENERGY Rooftop – ‘Harmony’ Product – 1-axis concentrating solar CHP that provides air-conditioning, heat and quiet power. Market – buildings Solar CHP - 10 kWheat + 1.5 - 2 kWe per module

7. LOW COST SOLAR ENERGY Distributed power – ‘Concerto’ Product –2-axis concentrating solar that provides electricity highly efficiently. Markets – summer daytime power 2nd Generation Gallium Arsenide cell technology

8. LOWEST COST SOLAR ENERGY Process heat & 24/7 Power – ‘Serenade’ Product – 24/7 large scale 2-axis concentrating solar600 C 3-day storage Markets – Industry and load-following generation Solar heat 1000 kW / module

9. HELIODYNAMICS SOLAR PRICE CURVE

10. HELIODYNAMICS GROWTH • Through its strong IPR base, HelioDynamics first round funding occurred 2006 • Buoyed by its operational achievements, it went public in 2009 • Today, it is the largest supplier of new power capacity globally and operates >100 GW of power capacity

11. Nearer • Reduced commuting distances to smaller organisations: • multiple skills • web-working from local office or home Greener • Imported bio-diesel & bio-ethanol • Corituba-style hybrid buses • Bus-bike commuting TRANSFORMED TRANSPORTNEARER, GREENER & LIGHTER Lighter • Light-body vehicles, • Reduced top speeds, • Shared-vehicle commuting

12. PASSIVE HOUSES Cut heat losses by 90% Retrofit by cladding Heat from heat pumps, solar or bio-fuel PASSIVE LIGHTING Low-rise buildings day-lit LED lighting standards Solar TRANSFORMED BUILDINGSCOMFORT WITHOUT FUEL

13. A PASSION FOR EFFICIENCYJUST LIKE NATURE Efficiency doubling has been achieved through mandated use of: • Intelligent controls and web-based demand management • Day-lighting, LED and compact fluorescent lighting • Solar HVAC and hot-water • No direct electric heating of buildings or hot water systems • Insulation doubling of buildings, tanks, fridges & freezers • High efficiency appliances • Low thermal mass cooking ovens • Deep materials recycling • Mandated maintainability, durability and reliability standards

14. SCALING THE HEIGHTSSUCH RAPID GROWTH • It takes 3 – 10 years to implement a pressurised water reactor • It takes 3 days to install an offshore wind turbine or a solar distributed power system • It takes 6 months to implement a 1 GW solar+biomass steam generator. • Just 4% of the land area supplies biomass to meet the grid power requirement not covered by wind, wave & solar.

15. THE SUNLIT UPLANDSENERGY MIX IN 2050 Primary energy generation mix is: • Concentrated solar – 35% using 3-day thermal storage steam & day-time solar CHP • Wind – 15% • Wave – 15% • Biomass – 20% • Sequestered coal – 15%

16. Cambridge Energy Forum 2005-2050THE COMMERCIAL DEVELOPMENT OF SOLAR POWER www.heliodynamics.com