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Chapter 10 Cause and Effect 415

Chapter 10 Cause and Effect 415. Causality describes the relationship between an event (the cause ) and a second event (the effect ), where the second event is a consequence of the first. Cause and effect work together. A cause leads to an effect; an effect results from a cause.

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Chapter 10 Cause and Effect 415

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  1. Chapter 10 Cause and Effect 415 • Causality describes the relationship between an event (the cause) and a second event (the effect), where the second event is a consequence of the first. • Cause and effect work together. A cause leads to an effect; an effect results from a cause.

  2. The domino effect (414) • The domino effect (414) is a chain reaction that occurs when a small change causes a similar change nearby, which then will cause another similar change, and so on in linear sequence. The term is best known as a mechanical effect, and is used as an analogy to a falling row of dominoes. It typically refers to a linked sequence of events where the time between successive events is relatively small.

  3. Domino effect • Domino effect (414)--the cumulative effect that results when one event precipitates a series of like events.

  4. Who is liable?Identify the root cause • At 11: 30 pm, a passenger rushed to the AS special service desk (ssd) for help. He missed his connection to YYJ since his AA flight came in late due to MX/WX. • He stood in line for a long time. • An agent rebooked him on the first flight the next morning with no extra charge; • He asked for a hotel stay but he didn’t get it…

  5. Causes: Internal vs. External • Credit card debt • Credit card Benefit

  6. Cause & EffectConsequences • Outsourcing • Cost savings • Cost restructuring • Reduce time to market • Tax Benefit • Quality control • Language barrier • Cultural difference • 30% down-payment • Tied up • Irony

  7. Structures in Organization • Parallel structure • Convergent Structure • Linked structure—causal chains (419) • Simple sentence • Compound sentence • Complex sentence • Compound-complex sentence

  8. Logic in comparison • Good • Better • Best • (422) • Cite two most successful writers; • However, C is even better; • Bad • Worse • Worst • The Dead

  9. James Joyce vs. Homer • “Better pass boldly into that other world, in the full glory of some passion, than fade and wither dismally with age” (Dubliners 224). • The reference to “that other world” as the realm of spirits recalls the scene in Homer’s Odyssey, where the ghost of Achilles addresses Odysseus: “Better, I say, to break sod as a farm hand for some poor countryman, on iron rations, than lord it over all the exhausted dead” (Odyssey 201). Dr. Weizhi Gao

  10. What’s Left Out, Unstated? • The general patterns in comparison & contrast are: good-better-best; bad-worse-worst. What is the best choice? It is up to the reader to infer. • Though “passing boldly into that other world in the full glory of some passion” is admirable, Joyce doesn’t claim that this option is better than anything else. • It is only a partial confirmation. Examined closely, a partial confirmation is a form of partial negation. Dr. Weizhi Gao

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