Topic 7

1. Topic 7 The Cardiovascular System

2. Learning Objectives To learn about the short term effects of exercise on the cardiovascular system Success Criteria F-G I can list the short term effects of exercise on the cardiovascular system D-E I can explain the short term effects B-C I can answer multiple choice and short answer describe questions A*-A I can answer long response explaining questions GCSE PE

3. The Cardiovascular System? The Cardiovascular system is made up of 3 main parts Theheart =Muscular pump that pumps blood around the body. The blood vessels = arteries and veins carry the blood to and from the heart Theblood = carries oxygen GCSE PE

4. Functions of the Cardiovascular System? The Cardiovascular system has 2 main function that are both equally important Function 1. To supply the body and muscles with oxygen Function 2. To remove waste products like carbon dioxide

5. Short Term Effects of Exercise on the CV System There are 2 short term effects that occur immediately when exercise begins Heart Rate Increases 2. Blood Pressure Increases

6. 1. Heart Rate Increases Heart rate is the number of times the heart beats per minute At Rest During exercise • Resting heart rate is usually between 60-80 beats per minute (bpm) • Heart rate increases(maximum = • 220 – age) GCSE PE

7. 1. Heart Rate Increases Heart rate increases as the intensity of exercise increases! GCSE PE

8. 2. Blood Pressure Increases Blood pressure is the pressure the blood puts on the artery walls At Rest During exercise • Blood Pressure increases to over 140/90 • Blood pressure is around 120/80

9. Other Short Term Effects of Exercise 3. You begin to sweat to cool the body down 4. Lactic acid is producedif you are exercising anaerobically 5. Body temperature increases

10. Learning Objectives To learn about the long term effects of exercise on the cardiovascular system Success Criteria F-G I can list the long term effects of exercise on the cardiovascular system D-E I can explain the long term effects B-C I can answer multiple choice and short answer describe questions A*-A I can answer long response explaining questions GCSE PE

11. Long Term Effects of Exercise on the CV System There are 6 Long term effects to the cardiovascular system that occur as a result of regular exercise and training Recovery heart rate decreases Resting heart rate decreases Blood pressure decreases Cardiac Output Increases Stroke Volume Increases

12. 1. Stroke Volume Increases Stroke volume is the amount of blood pumped out from the heart in 1 beat With regular training Stroke volume increases Before Training Stroke Volume = 100 ml Stroke Volume = 150 ml

13. 2. Cardiac Output Increases Cardiac Output is the amount of blood pumped from the heart in 1 minute during exercise Before Training Stroke Volume X Heart Rate = Cardiac output 150 bpm = X 100 ml 15 Litres / Min With Regular Training Cardiac Output Increases Cardiac output Heart Rate = X Stroke Volume 22.5 Litres / Min = 150 bpm 150 ml X

14. 3. Resting Heart Rate Decreases Resting heart rate is your heart rate at rest. With regular training Resting heart rate decreases Before training Resting Heart Rate = 70 bpm Resting Heart Rate = 50 bpm

15. 4. Recovery Rate Decreases Recovery heart rate is the time it takes for your heart rate to return to resting levels after you finish exercising Before Training 9 minutes recovery rate With regular training 3 minutes recovery rate

16. 5. Blood Pressure Decreases Blood pressure on the artery walls decreases as a result of long term training because arteries have become more flexible and elastic With regular training blood pressure decreases Before training

17. Learning Objectives To learn about the effects of lifestyle factors on the cardiovascular system Success Criteria F-G I can list the 4 lifestyle factors that can cause Coronary Heart Disease D-E I can explain how each factor can cause CHD B-C I can answer multiple choice and short answer describe questions A*-A I can answer long response explaining questions GCSE PE

18. Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) Coronary heart disease (CHD) is a condition caused by high blood pressure that can be very dangerous if left untreated. There are 4 lifestyle factors that increase the risk of developing high blood pressure and CHD Lack of Exercise Cholesterol Drugs Stress

19. 1. Cholesterol & CHD • Cholesterol from fatty foods can build up in the artery walls • Cholesterol build ups are called plaques • Plaques of cholesterol blocks the flow of blood causing high blood pressure & CHD

20. 2 Types of Cholesterol • Bad Cholesterol is known as LDL (Low density lipoprotein) • LDL can cause a build up of cholesterol • Good Cholesterol is known as HDL (High density lipoprotein) • HDL does not cause cholesterol build up

21. Other Lifestyle Factors that cause CHD 4. Stressincreases blood pressure 2.Taking recreational drugs increases blood pressure 3.Lack of exercise raises blood pressure

22. Exercise and CHD Exercise can reduce your chances of developing high blood pressure and CHD in many ways • Exercise is good for the cardiovascular system • Exercise makes the heart fitter & stronger • Exercise makes blood vessels healthier and more flexible • Exercise lowers resting heart rate long term • Exercise reduces blood pressure long term • Exercise increases stroke volume & cardiac output long term

23. 3. Why Does Resting Heart Rate Decrease? Before training Cardiac Output = 3.5 L/m Resting Heart Rate = 70 bpm Stroke Volume = 50 ml

24. 3. Why Does Resting Heart Rate Decrease? After training Cardiac Output = 3.5 L/m Resting Heart Rate = 50 bpm Stroke Volume = 70 ml Because the stroke volume has increased!!