State of Kuwait 3 rd Intl Fire & Safety Conference & Expo 4-6 March 2014

1. State of Kuwait 3rd Intl Fire & Safety Conference & Expo 4-6 March 2014 • Nuclear Radiation • The Role Of Response • Agencies • Presented by: • Christopher M. Gallagher, New York City Police Department (retired) www.kfsd.gov.kw - Chris Gallanger

2. Purpose A discussion to motivate a process, to identify the level of awareness, and the options needed for a methodical preparation and a response. State of Kuwait 3rd Intl Fire & Safety Conference & Expo 4-6 March 2014 www.kfsd.gov.kw - Chris Gallanger

3. New York City Demographics Population And Land Area - Area Pop: 8.5 Million Total Square Miles Land: 301 Miles of Waterfront: 478 Total Area In Acres: 205,952 More Than 200 Skyscrapers 943 Land-marked Buildings 175 Museums State of Kuwait 3rd Intl Fire & Safety Conference & Expo 4-6 March 2014 www.kfsd.gov.kw - Chris Gallanger

4. New York City Demographics Transportation Systems – 7.5 million daily riders • NYC Transit – Subways • NYC Transit – Buses • Private bus providers • Staten Island Ferry • MTA Staten Island Railway • MTA Long Island Railroad • MTA Metro North Railroad • NJ Transit - Rail & Bus • PATH Subway Points Of Entry • 4- Vehicle Tunnels • 2 Major Airports • New York Harbor(Piers) • 11 Bridges State of Kuwait 3rd Intl Fire & Safety Conference & Expo 4-6 March 2014 www.kfsd.gov.kw - Chris Gallanger

5. Challenges for Response Challenges faced by response agencies, to ensure a safe City. • Public Transportation • Navigable Waterways • Airports • Roadways • Special Events State of Kuwait 3rd Intl Fire & Safety Conference & Expo 4-6 March 2014 www.kfsd.gov.kw - Chris Gallanger

6. Metropolitan Transit Authority • MTA has millions of subway passengers daily • 4th Busiest railroad worldwide • Largest fleet of commuter trains • 468 Subway Stations • 660 Miles of Track • Elevated & Tunnels State of Kuwait 3rd Intl Fire & Safety Conference & Expo 4-6 March 2014 www.kfsd.gov.kw - Chris Gallanger

7. Waterways State of Kuwait 3rd Intl Fire & Safety Conference & Expo 4-6 March 2014 www.kfsd.gov.kw - Chris Gallanger

8. State of Kuwait 3rd Intl Fire & Safety Conference & Expo 4-6 March 2014 Seven Intrastate Bridges and Four Tunnels 10 Interstate Highways Over 800,000 vehicles daily Vehicle Access www.kfsd.gov.kw - Chris Gallanger

9. Special Events Parades NYC Marathon UN General Assembly Fleet Week www.kfsd.gov.kw - Chris Gallanger

10. Radiological and Nuclear Threat Radiological Dispersal Device (RDD) (Dirty Bomb) • Radioactive source + means of dispersal • Weapon of Mass Disruption • Potentially large “area of denial” • Decontamination: labor- intensive, expensive, unique policy challenges • Means of acquiring a radioactive source - Theft from Hospital - Black Market Improvised Nuclear Device (IND) • Uranium or plutonium-based weapon • Weapon of Mass Destruction – Technically complex weapon – Low likelihood, but high consequence threat • Small IND could cause: – Thousands of casualties – Significant infrastructural damage – Radiation and fallout • Means of obtaining a nuclear weapon – Theft of weapon or fissile materials – Insider threat – Sympathetic government www.kfsd.gov.kw - Chris Gallanger

11. Radiological and Nuclear Threat www.kfsd.gov.kw - Chris Gallanger

12. Planning, Policies and Guidance • Conducting Risk Assessments • The planning phase facilitated by OEM along with other agencies using core competencies • Review the plan • Exercise the plan www.kfsd.gov.kw - Chris Gallanger

13. Plans Citywide Interagency Management System (CIMS) Radiological Response and Recovery Plan www.kfsd.gov.kw - Chris Gallanger

14. Response Plan www.kfsd.gov.kw - Chris Gallanger

15. Response Plan www.kfsd.gov.kw - Chris Gallanger

16. Response Plans Set up of exclusion zones for evacuation Plume modeling www.kfsd.gov.kw - Chris Gallanger

17. Response Plans Department of Health and Mental Hygiene www.kfsd.gov.kw - Chris Gallanger

18. Emergency Management Working as inter-agency coordinators in partnership with local, state, federal, and private sector, to provide comprehensive emergency response, hazard planning, and disaster mitigation www.kfsd.gov.kw - Chris Gallanger

19. Fire /EMS • Responsible for Life Safety Operations • Mass decontamination • Medically clearing patients prior to removal to the hospital www.kfsd.gov.kw - Chris Gallanger

20. Law Enforcement • Responsible for overall site management • Conducting assessment and investigations for criminal activity or terrorism • Recovery of evidence www.kfsd.gov.kw - Chris Gallanger

21. Department of Health • Responsible for a final assessment of the hazard • Provide Technical information to Command element • Adjust or set "hot," "warm" and "cold" zones, and direct all mitigation efforts • Provides Isotope information to Hospitals www.kfsd.gov.kw - Chris Gallanger

22. Exercises After the development of plans, exercises are conducted to ensure plans work. These are the exercises that were conducted for RDD. • Operation Winter Sun • POD Ex • Trifecta • Securing the Cities www.kfsd.gov.kw - Chris Gallanger

23. Trifecta Exercise • Mass Transit Train scenario using a radiological dispersion device. • Mass casualty incident with radiological contamination www.kfsd.gov.kw - Chris Gallanger

24. Securing The Cities Exercise www.kfsd.gov.kw - Chris Gallanger

25. Securing The Cities Exercise www.kfsd.gov.kw - Chris Gallanger

26. Equipment Some of the many different types of monitoring equipment and testing used in the prevention of an attack or in the response to a Dirty Bomb/ Radiological Dispersion Device (RDD) www.kfsd.gov.kw - Chris Gallanger

27. Handheld Devices • The RadEye pocket-size PRD used by many display modes can be tailored to an individual agency’s needs The Thermo IdentiFINDER is a Radioisotope Identifier (RIID) that is used by agencies as part of the Rad/Nuc Detection (RND) mission. www.kfsd.gov.kw - Chris Gallanger

28. Pack Eye Radiation Detection Back Pack • Locates and detects radioactive sources in large areas very rapidly, but unobtrusively. www.kfsd.gov.kw - Chris Gallanger

29. Vehicles • Technology meeting the needs of the 21st century www.kfsd.gov.kw - Chris Gallanger

30. Aviation Assets • Equipped with thermal-imaging camera that can be used to help with port security, and is also equipped with aerial radiological surveillance equipment that can detect, analyze and track radiation at various altitudes. www.kfsd.gov.kw - Chris Gallanger

31. Marine Units The TRACS (Tactical Radiation Acquisition Characterization Systems) craft are the only boats of their kind, with permanent radiation equipment outfitted by the Department of Energy www.kfsd.gov.kw - Chris Gallanger

32. Radiological Incident • At a Manhattan post office a contractor was performing imaging radiography, the device somewhat like an X-ray machine, the contractor was using to find out what was behind walls and ceilings as part of a renovation in the building. www.kfsd.gov.kw - Chris Gallanger

33. Radiological Incident • A hole in the machine -- which works much like a shutter of a standard camera -- is supposed to open briefly to create each image, emitting a burst of radiation from a source of cobalt-60. www.kfsd.gov.kw - Chris Gallanger

34. Review • Situational awareness • Agency Responsibilities • Development of response plans • Delivery of incident exercises (exercising the plans) • Updating the plans as needed • Proper equipment for personnel responding www.kfsd.gov.kw - Chris Gallanger