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BIOLUMINESCENCE

BIOLUMINESCENCE. Aequorea victoria. Melanostomias bartonbeani. Bargmannia sp. Beroe sp. Substrates and Enzymes. Luciferin General term Luciferase Present in diverse taxa Oxygenase Exaptation. Bacterial luciferin. Vargulin. Coelenterazine. Examples of fish. Bacterial luciferin.

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BIOLUMINESCENCE

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  1. BIOLUMINESCENCE

  2. Aequorea victoria

  3. Melanostomias bartonbeani

  4. Bargmannia sp.

  5. Beroe sp.

  6. Substrates and Enzymes • Luciferin • General term • Luciferase • Present in diverse taxa • Oxygenase • Exaptation Bacterial luciferin Vargulin Coelenterazine

  7. Examples of fish Bacterial luciferin Vargulin Neuronal control

  8. Coelenterazine Chemical luminescence

  9. INTERSPECIFIC COMMUNICATION • PREDATOR AVOIDANCE • PREY ATTRACTION • BURGLAR ALARM HYPOTHESIS

  10. PREDATOR AVOIDANCE Acanthephyra purpurea and Gonostoma elegatum

  11. PREDATOR AVOIDANCE Counter illumination

  12. PREY ATTRACTION Melanocetus sp.

  13. SIGNALER PAYOFF - + - MANIPULATION/ DECEIT SPITE RECEIVER PAYOFF + TRUE COMMUNICATION EAVESDROPPING SIGNAL DETECTION THEORY

  14. BURGLAR ALARM HYPOTHESIS

  15. SIGNALER PAYOFF - + - RECEIVER PAYOFF + SIGNAL DETECTION THEORY MANIPULATION/ DECEIT SPITE TRUE COMMUNICATION EAVESDROPPING

  16. FLASH LIGHT FISH • Nocturnal Predator • Bacterial light organ • lluminates prey • functions as “bait”

  17. 10 billion bacteria / .035 fluid oz • Light emitted travels over 30 m • Brightest light produced by any living organism

  18. = POTENTIALLY COSTLY ADAPTATION • Five genera and six species worldwide • DIFFERENT STRATEGIES • Two species raise skin flaps to control emission • Two species lack skin flaps; use organ rotation • Two species use both skin flaps and organ rotation

  19. Skin flap down, light organ exposed Skin flap up, light organ covered

  20. Do different species differ in their ability to manipulate/ deceive predators???

  21. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN • Large scale aquaria experiments • Two treatments for each species • -control mechanism intact • -control mechanism removed • Common, visually stimulated, nocturnal reef predator

  22. EXPECTED RESULTS + PREDATOR - PREDATOR CONTROL INTERMEDIATE BOTH ROTATE SKIN + - + - + - LOW CONTROL HIGH CONTROL SURVIVABILITY

  23. SIGNALER PAYOFF - + - RECEIVER PAYOFF + SIGNAL DETECTION THEORY MANIPULATION/ DECEIT SPITE TRUE COMMUNICATION EAVESDROPPING

  24. Intraspecific Communication • Schooling • Communication • Mating Oneiroides sp.

  25. Is bioluminescence used for mate selection? Euprymna scolopes Vibrio fischeri

  26. Light organ of E. scolopes • silver colored reflector • shutter mechanism • transparent lens • yellow filter

  27. Influence on mate selection? • Light organ quality may signify fitness (survivorship) • Under sexual selection? • Hypothesis: Variation in light organ characteristics will influence mate selection in E. scolopes

  28. Experimental design part 1 • Test for variation in light organ characteristics: • size and shape of light organ • size and shape of reflector tissue • Wavelength of light emitted • Intensity of light emitted

  29. Experimental design part 2 • Capture male and female E. scolopes • Measure wavelength (l) & intensity (I) • Assign males to categories of l & I • Group 1 female w/ multiple males that differ in l & I (control for other features) • Record mating pairs • Repeat using other females

  30. Expected results There will be a statistically significant correlation between # mating events and category of l and/or I .

  31. Malacosteus niger The ultimate eavesdropper

  32. Conversion of light

  33. Physiology experiment • How is light signal perceived? • Conversion of wavelength not perfect • Excites visual pigments • Different detection than naturally emitted blue light? • Monitor nerve impulse • Sensory processing centers • differences in activity?

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