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UNIT 13 Part 2: Totalitarian Aggression and U.S. Policy

UNIT 13 Part 2: Totalitarian Aggression and U.S. Policy. Japan and Asia. Japanese lack natural resources… 1931: Create an “incident” in Manchuria Take military action and set up the puppet state of Manchukuo 1937: Japan attacks China

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UNIT 13 Part 2: Totalitarian Aggression and U.S. Policy

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  1. UNIT 13 Part 2: Totalitarian Aggression and U.S. Policy

  2. Japan and Asia • Japanese lack natural resources… • 1931: Create an “incident” in Manchuria • Take military action and set up the puppet state of Manchukuo • 1937: Japan attacks China • Japanese brutalities v. Chinese…the “Rape of Nanking”

  3. Headed towards WWII • Hitler suspended reparation payments • 1935 Germany begins to rearm • 1936 German troops move into the Rhineland • 1936 Rome-Berlin Axis • 1936 Spanish Civil War- Germany and Italy support Spanish right under General Franco • “rehearsal for war” General Francisco Franco

  4. Headed towards WWII • 1938 “Anschluss”- union of Germany and Austria • 1938 Hitler demanded the Sudetenland • 1938 Munich Conference- “APPEASEMENT” Chamberlain and Hitler

  5. Chamberlain Mussolini Hitler

  6. German Troops in the Sudetenland Signs reads “One People, One Reich, One Fuhrer”

  7. A beaming Neville Chamberlain proudly proclaimed to have achieved “peace in our time…”

  8. Headed towards WWII • March 1939 German troops invade Czechoslovakia… • August 1939 Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact • September 1939: “blitzkreig” Poland attacked by Germany and Russia- war begins in Europe • Russia also takes the Baltic states and attacks Finland

  9. WWII • Starts with Nazi invasion of Poland Sept. 1939 • The “Phony War” • Nazis overrun Norway, Denmark • The Fall of France (1940)

  10. Battle of Britain • Gr. Britain ONLY democracy remaining in Europe not under Nazi control • “Operation Sea Lion” • The battle in the skies (RAF v. Luftwaffe) • Hitler gives up…turns to the East…USSR!

  11. U.S. foreign policy • An isolationist mood in America: • Senate’s rejection of the League of Nations • Our own problems: Great Depression

  12. U.S. Isolationism (con’t.) • Nye Committee (1935): • U.S. banks and munitions makers made HUGE profits during WWI…they pushed us into the war…called “merchants of death”

  13. Isolationism (con’t.) Neutrality Acts (1935-37) Congress passed series of laws to keep us out of future conflicts Terms: • embargo on the shipment of all munitions, arms and implements of war to belligerents • all indirect war materials (steel, cotton, food, etc.) must be handled on a “cash and carry” basis – they must be taken from the United States on the ships of a belligerent and paid for in cash

  14. U.S. Isolationism (con’t.) FDR’s “Quarantine Speech” (1937) FDR compared aggression around the world to a disease… Said the world’s democracies should quarantine (isolate) aggressive nations as we would a diseased patient

  15. Europe 1941

  16. Hitler in Paris, June 1940

  17. Gr. Britain needs more! • American neutrality in the 1930s • By 1941, Europe under Nazi control…situation desperate • Congress passes Lend-Lease Act

  18. Lend-Lease Act • FDR authority to sell, lend, exchange or transfer weapons and other materials to help defend nations vital to U.S. security • Example: • FDR traded 50 American destroyers to Gr. Britain for naval bases in the Caribbean

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