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THE MIDDLE AGES

THE MIDDLE AGES. The Anglo-Saxon Period449-1066The Medieval Period1066-1485. THE NORMAN CONQUEST. Battle of Hastings1066Beginning of The Medieval PeriodHarold, king of England, defeated by William the Conqueror, Duke of Normandy. THE NORMAN CONQUEST. Consequences of Norman InvasionInventory and seizure of propertyMartial lawStrong central government established.

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THE MIDDLE AGES

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    1. THE MIDDLE AGES 449-1485

    2. THE MIDDLE AGES The Anglo-Saxon Period 449-1066 The Medieval Period 1066-1485

    3. THE NORMAN CONQUEST Battle of Hastings 1066 Beginning of The Medieval Period Harold, king of England, defeated by William the Conqueror, Duke of Normandy

    4. THE NORMAN CONQUEST Consequences of Norman Invasion Inventory and seizure of property Martial law Strong central government established

    5. THE NORMAN CONQUEST William the Conqueror Efficient and ruthless soldier Able administrator Able to conquer the entire country Reigned for twenty-one years

    6. THE NORMAN CONQUEST The Normans Descended from the Vikings Seized and remained in northwestern France (Normandy) Adopted many French customs

    7. THE NORMAN CONQUEST THE NORMANS Positives Superb soldiers Excellent administrators Great borrowers and adapters Negatives Lacked inventiveness Unoriginal

    8. THE NORMAN CONQUEST The Fusing of the Norman and Anglo-Saxon Cultures Neither dominant Anglo-Saxons adapted to the Norman ways Improve life through the Church or court Began to mingle with the Norman overlords

    9. THE NORMAN CONQUEST Thomas Becket Henry II’s Lord Chancellor Archbishop of Canterbury Defended the claims of the Church against the interests of the King Murdered by several of Henry’s knights Became a saint of the Church and a hero of the people

    10. LAND & THE FEUDAL SYSTEM William had a great deal of land at his disposal Retained much for himself The rest he granted to his soldiers Felt he was free to deed land by royal charter Expected obedience and service in return Introduced into England the feudal system

    11. LAND & THE FEUDAL SYSTEM Feudalism Nobody owned land independently Allegiance Feudalism is an elaborate chain of loyalties Rent paid by military service

    12. LAND & THE FEUDAL SYSTEM The Domesday Book Sometimes called Doomsday Created in 1086 by William A complete inventory of all property Taxes could now be based on real property

    13. THE MEDIEVAL CHURCH Responsible for creating a common culture & a common set of beliefs in Western Europe from the 11th to 15th century Latin became the language of all educated persons Despite national loyalty, every person was responsible to the Church The Church grew and prospered during the period Preserving and transmitting culture

    14. MEDIEVAL LIFE As the period progressed, herding became more important than farming Wages instead of labor Production of wool encouraged the growth of cities in the north More people began to live in towns instead of manors Many became immensely rich Developed native forms of literature, songs and ballads, and a native drama

    15. MEDIEVAL LIFE These new merchants were the first to form guilds Societies to regulate prices and standards Extended family life

    16. MEDIEVAL LIFE Other Types of Work The great English cathedrals Often took several hundred years to build

    17. MEDIEVAL LIFE Winchester Cathedral

    18. MEDIEVAL LIFE Lincoln Cathedral

    19. MEDIEVAL LIFE Salisbury Cathedral

    20. MEDIEVAL LIFE Yorkminster Cathedral

    21. MEDIEVAL LIFE Guilds were founded for many of these workers Stonecutters and masons Carpenters Glass blowers Stainers

    22. MEDIEVAL LIFE Life in the Middle Ages was difficult and challenging Travel Food Winters The difficulty of life was balanced with entertainment

    23. MEDIEVAL LIFE Medieval Clothing

    24. MEDIEVAL LIFE Medieval Clothing

    25. MEDIEVAL LIFE Medieval Tournament

    26. MEDIEVAL LIFE Medieval Festival

    27. ENGLISH LAW William the Conqueror instituted written public documents for most government actions Common Law Applies to all people instead of certain people Primogeniture Exclusive rights for the first born son

    28. ENGLISH LAW Ordeals Innocence or guilt was settled by tasks In 1215, Pope Innocent III declared that the ordeal system was irrational Replacement: Jury System

    29. ENGLISH LAW The Magna Carta In 1215, a group of angry barons forced King John (1199-1216) to sign the Magna Carta Established that levies must be made with the consent of the barons Limited the king’s taxing powers Foreshadowed the right of trial by jury and the beginnings of representative government in Parliament

    30. THE CRUSADES The first Crusade was proclaimed in 1095 by Pope Urban II

    31. THE CRUSADES Other Crusades followed in 1191, 1202, 1217, and 1270

    32. THE CRUSADES Each Crusade began with a desire to rescue Jerusalem from the Turks

    33. THE CRUSADES Most ended squalidly in raiding, looting, and a tangle of power politics

    34. THE CRUSADES Results of the Crusades Christian Europe exposed to Arabic culture Commercial and intellectual horizons broadened Knowledge and all manners of refinements in living were brought back from the East Encouraged the ideal of true knightly behavior known as chivalry Considerable importance in literature Joined to the companion idea of romance

    35. The Hundred Years’ War 1337-1453 The English monarchy never voluntarily relinquished its hold on its French possessions Numerous costly wars in France, culminating in the Hundred Years’ War Eventually England was driven from France

    36. The Hundred Years’ War The Longbow Used by the English from the time of Edward I (1272-1307) Six-foot bows Yard-long arrows capable of piercing a knight’s armor Longbows and gunpowder did much to end the Middle Ages

    37. THE BLACK DEATH In 1348, the Black Death came to England First of a series of plagues that killed more than a third of the population Scarcity of labor caused by the plagues resulted in the death of feudalism

    38. THE WARS OF THE ROSES 1455-1485 Civil war between the House of York and the House of Lancaster House of York’s emblem was the white rose House of Lancaster’s emblem was the red rose

    39. THE WARS OF THE ROSES In 1485, Henry VII succeeded Richard III Henry united the feuding families through marriage Ended the wars and founded the Tudor line With Henry’s accession, the real Middle Ages vanished

    40. MEDIEVAL LITERATURE Romance Chivalry, love, wonders and marvels Fairy enchantments Giants Dragons Wizards Sorceresses

    41. MEDIEVAL LITERATURE Three Principal Sources Britain King Arthur and his knights Based on Celtic folklore Almost no historical basis Chivalric ideals

    42. MEDIEVAL LITERATURE Three Principal Sources France The court of Charlemagne

    43. MEDIEVAL LITERATURE Three Principal Sources Rome Classical stories such as the conquest of Troy

    44. GEOFFREY CHAUCER 1340?-1400 First great figure in English literature Greatest work belongs to poetic and humorous realism The Canterbury Tales

    45. FOLK POETRY AND DRAMA Ballads Came from the common people of early England and Scotland Not written down but recited and sung 14th and 15th centuries

    46. FOLK POETRY AND DRAMA Drama Popular drama’s origins are in the Middle Ages Miracle Plays Rough dramatizations of Biblical stories Wicked characters were played as comic characters

    47. FOLK POETRY AND DRAMA Drama (cont.) Morality Plays Took the place of miracle plays toward the end of the Middle Ages, during the dark and troubled times of the 15th century Dramatic allegories representing virtues and vices Most famous was Everyman

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