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Unit Four

Unit Four. The Design Plan of Freedom Tower. The Chrysler Building. Empire State Building and Chrysler Building. I. About the text. Suggested summary

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Unit Four

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  1. Unit Four The Design Plan of Freedom Tower

  2. The Chrysler Building

  3. Empire State Building and Chrysler Building

  4. I. About the text • Suggested summary • The author illustrates to the readers the designing idea and the composition of the Freedom Tower. The Freedom Tower is the replacement for what was once World Trade Centerto become the new Land Mark of New York City.While emphasizing enhanced security requirements, the tower’s design evokes classic New York City Skyscrapers in its elegance. Additionally, the new tower will serve as a model of energy efficiency and environmental sustainability, embodying state-of-the-art energy-saving technology, environmentally friendly building materials, water conservation features, and ventilation systems. Both the officials and the builders are very confident with the design.

  5. Background information • The collapse of the World Trade Center (WTC) towers following the terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001, as is well known, was as sudden as it was dramatic; the event shocked nearly everyone. The New Yorkers, however, soon moved forward from the tragedy and started planning the reconstruction of the Lower Manhattan. They will build better and safer buildings in the future based, in part, on the lessons learned at the WTC. Contests were held for rebuilding the WTC site. The first design plan of

  6. Freedom Tower was unveiled in December 2003. On July 4, 2004, the cornerstone of Freedom Tower was laid. Just as construction was beginning, security concerns were raised, leading to a complete redesign of the tower. After nearly three months back on the drawing board, the new plans were released on June 29, 2005. The skyscraper is estimated to cost $ 1.5 billion.

  7. The revised design of Freedom Tower

  8. On June 29, 2005, a redesigned Freedom Tower was released, addressing security concerns raised about the original design. The new design retains essential elements of the original -- soaring 1,776 feet into the sky, its illuminated spire evoking the Statue of Liberty's torch -- but features a larger, cubic base set back further from West Street to protect the building against any future terrorist attempts.

  9. The original design of the Freedom Tower

  10. When the first plan came out of the pack, it found slews of detractors. Gov. George Pataki ordered the design changes because police were concerned that the tower's placement adjacent to West Street, a major thoroughfare along the west side of Manhattan, would make it vulnerable to a truck bomb.

  11. The Memorial

  12. On January 6, 2004, the Lower Manhattan Development Corporation announced its selection of a single design for a memorial at the World Trade Center site: "Reflecting Absence" designed by architect Michael Arad and landscape architect Peter Walker，will honor the 2,979 lost in the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001 and February 26, 1993. Two large “voids” -- cascading pools sunken thirty feet into the footprints of the Twin Towers -- form the centerpiece of the design, which also incorporates extensive landscaping in the plaza

  13. surrounding the voids and calls for the creation of an underground center to house 9/11 artifacts and a cultural facility at the intersection of Fulton and Greenwich Streets. The names of those who died on 9/11 will be listed on low parapets around each pool -- in random order but with indicators beside those who were rescue workers.

  14. Washington Place • Washington Place, with its smart art deco lobby, sits at the corner of Sixth Avenue and a quiet, historic, tree-lined street, just west of Washington Square in Greenwich Village. It is an exclusive collection of 14 private residences, designed to create a new landmark in harmony with its historic neighborhood.

  15. Part II TextA. Comprehension Questions (Para. 1) • 1. what features does the revised Freedom Tower share with the original one? • Life safety features, life safety and security. (Para 1)

  16. Comprehension Questions (Para. 1) • 2. Compared with other buildings, what is unique to the revised Freedom Tower？ • It is distinctive in energy efficiency and environmental sustainability. (Para 1)

  17. B: Key words and expressions • It builds upon the original’s extraordinary level of life safety features… • It maintains the life safety features of the original design… • 它保留了原设计方案中极其安全的人身保险措施… • build sth. on sth. • to base something on an idea or thing • Our relationship is built on trust. • The new plan will build on the success of the previous program.

  18. In addition, the Freedom Tower will further its distinction as a world-class model of energy efficiency and environmental sustainability. (para.1) • 此外，自由塔还将更加突出有效利用能源及环保的世界典范的特点。 • “further” is used in this sentence as a verb meaning “to advance sth.”. • Example: • Additional training is probably the best way to further your career these days.

  19. Part II TextA. Comprehension Questions (Para. 2-4) • 1. Why is the base of the Freedom Tower identical to that of WTC? • Because it is good to remember the past, it can help those hurt by the terrorists recover and it is a way to heal the scar on a nation.

  20. 2. What is the significance of the rebuilt of the Freedom Tower? • A tremendous icon • An economic engine generating thousands of jobs • A symbol of New York’s resolve • A powerful beacon of freedom to people of the world.

  21. B: Key words and expressions Feature v. • To give special attention to; display, publicize, or make prominent. • 给予特别注意；展出、公开或使成为要点 • Round the clock service features the store. • 日夜服务是这家商店的特色。 • 他们在食物方面的特色是以鱼为主。 • Fish features largely in their diet. • 业余时间跳舞成为她生活中的一大特色。 • Dancing in her spare time features largely in her life.

  22. feature noun. • 1) a typical quality or an important part of something 特色，特征 • Our latest model of phone has several new features. • a geographical feature • 2) [pl.] one of the parts of someone‘s face that you notice when you look at them 容貌，相貌 • she has very regular features. • 她的眼睛是她容貌最美的一部分。 • Her eyes are her best feature. • 辨析：feature, characteristic, quality

  23. conceivev. • to think of a new idea, plan etc and develop it in your mind: 构思, 持有;怀孕, 考虑, 设想 • Scientists first conceived the idea of the atomic bomb in the 1930's. • The painting is beautifully conceived in every way -- composition, color and texture. • (cannot) conceive of (doing) sth • Many people can't conceive of a dinner without meat or fish.

  24. 很难想象生活中没有电会是什么样子。 • It is difficult to conceive of living without electricity. • conceive of sth./sb. as sth. • Language may be conceived of as a process which arises from social interaction. • 可以认为语言是人们在社会交往的过程中形成的。

  25. This new design reflects a soaring tribute to freedom and a bedrock to commitment to safety and security. • 这一新的设计方案表达了我们对自由的高度赞扬和对安全的基本承诺。

  26. tributen. • something that you say, do, or give in order to express your respect or admiration for someone 贡品, 礼物, 颂词, 殷勤, 贡物 • Pay tribute to sb. • I'd like to pay tribute to the office staff for all their hard work in this project. • 我谨对在这一工程中努力工作的办公室人员表示赞扬和感谢。

  27. John Monturn, presenting the trophy, paid tribute to the players and coaches. • The players wore black armbands as a tribute to their late teammate. • be a tribute to sb/sth • to be a clear sign of the good qualities that someone or something has • It was a tribute to her teaching methods that so many children passed the test.

  28. commitment n. • a promise to do something or to behave in a particular way委托事项, 许诺, 承担义务; • It's a part-time program, but it's still a big time commitment. • The governor has a strong commitment to creating jobs in the state. • Marriage, ideally, is a lifelong commitment.

  29. iconn. • 1) a small sign or picture on a computer screen that is used to start a particular operation 图标, • To open a new file, click on the icon at the top of the screen. • I could not open an application by selecting an icon and double-clicking. • 2) someone famous and admired by many people 偶像 • He is a pop icon designed and manufactured for the video generation. • 他是音像时代里设计和造就出来的流行乐偶像”

  30. This spectacular addition to our skyline will be a commanding architectural symbol while addressing the security concerns we face in today’s world. 天际间增添了这座雄伟的大楼，景色甚为壮观 它将成为一个权威性的建筑象征。它传达了我们 对当今世界安全问题的重视。 • address v. give attention to a problem/issue/concern etc : 予以重视；处理问题 • Our products address the needs of real users. • 我们的产品非常注重用户的需要。 • He addressed a warning to his friend.

  31. address yourself to sth. • direct the efforts or attention of (oneself):忙于，专注于 • He ignored the side issues and addressed himself to the main problem. • 他抛开枝节问题，致力于主要问题。 • 他热切地致力于对于古典建筑的研究。 • He addressed himself eagerly to the study of classical construction.

  32. vibranta. • 1) full of activity or energy in a way that is exciting and attractive • ￚsynonym: livel 充满活力的，活跃的 • Hong Kong is a vibrant, fascinating city. • She was sixteen, young and vibrant. • 2) a vibrant color is bright and strong(色彩) 鲜艳的, 明亮的 • Many people come to see the vibrant reds and oranges of the leaves in autumn in Xiangshan.

  33. beaconn. • a signaling or guiding device, such as a lighthouse, located on a coast.灯塔 • Navigation was helped by a radio beacon (无线电信标) set up by the Army on the island. • 2) especially literary a person, idea etc that guides or encourages you (喻)明灯；指路人；楷模 • The education program offers a beacon of hope to these children. • 对这些孩子来说，这项教育计划就是希望的明灯. • Havel has become his country's beacon of democracy and hope. • Havel 成为他们国家民主运动的带路人、希望之星.

  34. chamferv. & n. • cut off the edge or corner：切去边或角；将…切成斜面 • chamfer a stone 切去一块石头的棱角 • gear chamfering 齿轮倒角 • chamfering tool 倒棱(角)工具 • chamfering hob 齿轮倒角滚刀 • chamfered joint 斜削接头 • chamfered groove 角槽 • chamfered edge 削边 • chamfering of rail 钢轨斜切

  35. At its middle, the tower forms a perfect octagon in plan and then culminates in an observation deck and glass parapet whose plan is a square, rotated 45 degrees from the base. (para.5) • According to the plan, the middle sector of the tower is a perfect octagon and topped with an observation deck and glass parapet. • 根据方案，大楼的中部断面为正八边形，其顶层设有一个观景台和一个正方形的、与基座呈45度角的玻璃幕墙。

  36. plan: n. • a drawing of a building, town, area, vehicle, machine, etc (房屋、地区、车辆、机械等）设计图，平面图 • The spy stole the secret plans for the new submarine. • 间谍偷走了新潜水艇的秘密图纸。 • 设计师向我们展示了她绘制的房子平面图。 • The architect showed us the house plans that she had drawn up. • 我会把机械的设计图纸寄过去。 • I'll send a set of plans for the new machine.

  37. culminate v. • culminate in/with something • 1) to reach the highest point • The science fair culminated in awarding of prize. • 科学博览会在授奖时达到高潮。 • 2) if a process culminates in or with a particular event, it ends with that event以…告终，结束 • My arguments with the boss got worse and worse, and it all culminated in my deciding to change jobs. • Years of waiting culminated in a tearful reunion. • 多年的等待最终以含泪团聚而结局。

  38. A mast containing an antenna for the Metropolitan Television Alliance (MTVA), designed by a collaboration of architects, artists, lighting designers and engineers, and secured by a system of cables, rises from a circular support ring, similar to Liberty’s torch, to a height of 1,776 feet. (para.5) Sentence analysis: Subject: a mast Predict: rises Attributives: containing…; designed by…; secured by…

  39. A mast containing an antenna for the Metropolitan Television Alliance (MTVA),and secured by a system ofcables, rises from a circular support ring, similar to Liberty’s torch, to a height of 1,776 feet.

  40. The World Trade Center was home to many of New York's television and radio transmitters until the attacks of September 11, 2001. The Freedom Tower will be the new home to TV channels 2, 4, 5, 7, 9, 11, 12, 13, 28, 30, 31, 36, 38, 40, 41, 44, 45, 47, 53, 56, 61, and 68. The new building, therefore, will take the place of WTC and accommodate facilities for MTVA. • 一个由建筑师、艺术家、灯光设计师及工程师联合设计的天线塔,其环形的网状保护支架内安装着城市电视联盟（MTVA）高大的电视发射天线，酷似自由女神手中高擎的火炬，使大楼的整体高度达到1776英尺.

  41. compositionnoun • 1 [C] a piece of music that someone has written • 2 [U] the process or skill of writing music • 3 [C] the way that people or things are arranged in a painting or photograph • 4 [C or U] OLD-FASHIONED • a short piece of writing about a particular subject, done by a student • This concerto is one of her earlier/later compositions. • At music school I studied piano and composition. • a group compositiona 200-word composition

  42. collaborationn. 合作，协作 • in collaboration with: work very closely with 与…合作 • The two international companies are working in collaboration with each other in the development of new software. • 两家跨国公司在开发新软件方面相互合作。 • 她与导师合作写了此书。 • She wrote the book in collaboration with her teacher. • collaboration between • a collaboration between the two theatres

  43. in keeping with • matching something in a particular situation：与…保持一致；与…协调 • In keeping with tradition, everyone dressed formally. • 人人都按照传统穿戴整齐。 • 他答应的事就一定能做到。 • His actions are in keeping with his promises. • out of keeping (with something) • The cheerful cover of the book is out of keeping with the sad story told inside it.

  44. evokev. • 1) produce a strong feeling or memory in someone 使人想起，使人产生 • The photographs evoked strong memories of our holidays in France. • 这些照片使我们清晰地记起在法国度假的情景。 • 他的外表肯定会引起人们的同情。 • His appearance is bound to evoke sympathy. • 她的讲话引来了敌对的回应。 • Her speech evoked a hostile response.

  45. 2) create anew, especially by means of the imagination: 使再现，描绘出（尤指通过想象或虚构） • The novel evokes the Depression in accurate detail. • 这部小说以精确的细节再现了大萧条情景。 • 以上描述是面试时提到的主要问题。 • The above description evoked the main questions during the interviews. • evocationn. • The poem is an evocation of lost love.

  46. respite n. • 1．a short time when something bad stops happening, so that the situation is temporarily better • respite from • The trip was a welcome respite from the pressures of work. • …的暂时的休息 • The pain went on without respite. • 2．a short period of time before you have to do something that you do not like • We have a few days' respite before we have to pay them. • 延期

  47. enliven vt. • to make something more interesting • Humour can help enliven a dull subject. • 使变得生动，有生气 • Jason has a girlfriend, and her energetic, cheerful presence has enlivened our household. • 使活跃

  48. adjacentadj. • a room, building, piece of land etc that is adjacent to something is next to it • We stayed in adjacent rooms. • adjacent to • From 1924 until his death, he lived and worked in a studio adjacent to the park.

  49. activatev. • set in motion; make active or more active 使活动，使活泼 • In certain rare circumstances, these vaccines could activate disease. • 在某些罕见的情况下，这些疫苗有可能使疾病发作。 • Baking powder contains its own built-in acid, so it can be activated with just heat and liquid. • 发酵粉本身具有酸性，因此只要遇热或液体便能激活。

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