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How will our country come back together? How will the South be rebuilt?

RECONSTRUCTION. How will our country come back together? How will the South be rebuilt?. Lincoln’s 10% Plan. When 10% of pop. takes an oath of loyalty that Conf. state can re-enter the Union. State then bans slavery and some Confederate officers get amnesty.

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How will our country come back together? How will the South be rebuilt?

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  1. RECONSTRUCTION How will our country come back together? How will the South be rebuilt?

  2. Lincoln’s 10% Plan • When 10% of pop. takes an oath of loyalty that Conf. state can re-enter the Union • State then bans slavery and some Confederate officers get amnesty. • Radical Republicans don’t think the plan goes far enough. Must make it tougher for South • Lincoln assassinated by John Wilkes Booth before plan takes effect

  3. Johnson’s Presidency • Similar to Lincoln’s but no voting rights for high-ranking Confederate officials • Johnson pardons 13K Confederates, since “White Men alone must manage South” Civil Rights Act of 1866 1) Congress creates Freedman’s Bureau, helps former slaves • Southerners upset – blacks getting a “free ride” 2) Civil Rights Act of 1866 gives former slaves citizenship – forbids discriminatory laws • Johnson vetoes Act, Congress overrides veto

  4. 14th & 15th Amendment • Republicans in Congress create 14th Amendment • Prevented states from denying rights to any U.S. citizen, “all persons born or naturalized in the U.S.” • 15th Amendment states a person cannot be denied right to vote based on race

  5. Johnson’s Impeachment • Many Southerners not giving blacks rights, Cong. passes 1867: Reconstruction Act (no Lincoln/Johnson plan) • South to be divided into 5 military zones until they ratify 14th & 15th Amendments, Johnson vetoes bill • Congress overrides veto. Johnson fires the Secretary of War, Congress says he is abusing his power • Johnson impeached by House of Reps, found not guilty in the Senate – Johnson remains in office

  6. 1868 Election • Civil War hero, Ulysses S. Grant, wins • 500,000 African Amer. vote • Hiram Revels: 1st African American Senator • 16 of 125 Southerners elected to US Congress • (during Reconstruction) were African American

  7. Population of the “New South” 1. Rich former plantation owners 2. Scalawags: poor white Southerners who joined Repubs 3. Carpetbaggers: Northerners who moved South after war 4. Freed Slaves • Many freed slaves now “work” for former plantation owners as sharecroppers

  8. End of Reconstruction • Ku Klux Klan (KKK) uses scare tactics, kills 20K • 1872: Freedmen’s Bureau funding ceases (ends) • Southern Democrats gain more power, pass Black Codes • 1876 Election: no candidate gets majority vote to win • Compromise of 1877: Southern Democrats will vote for Repub. Rutherford Hayes if Hayes ends Reconstruction • Hayes ends reconstruction, South begins passing Jim Crow Laws limiting African-Americans rights

  9. Jim Crow Laws • To prevent African-Americans from voting, poll taxes & literacy tests were used • Jim Crow laws began separating blacks from whites and reducing the rights of blacks in the South • Jim Crow examples: http://academic.udayton.edu/race/02rights/jcrow02.htm

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