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Monitoring Hive Weight, Temp, and Sound: The Inside Info and What it Might Mean Bryan Hains

Monitoring Hive Weight, Temp, and Sound: The Inside Info and What it Might Mean Bryan Hains. Antonio Frasconi. Angry Beekeeper. Special thanks to: Paul Vonk , Center for Honeybee Research South Carolina Beekeepers Association NASA HoneyBeeNet Thanks to SMBG for

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Monitoring Hive Weight, Temp, and Sound: The Inside Info and What it Might Mean Bryan Hains

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  1. Monitoring Hive Weight, Temp, and Sound: The Inside Info and What it Might MeanBryan Hains Antonio Frasconi. Angry Beekeeper.

  2. Special thanks to: • Paul Vonk, Center for Honeybee Research • South Carolina Beekeepers Association • NASA HoneyBeeNet Thanks to SMBG for Helping to interpret the data!

  3. Background

  4. Past

  5. Past and Present

  6. About HiveTool.net • Open-source • Goal is to produce software tools to monitor, manage and research bees and honey production • Uses off the shelf, consumer grade (low cost) hardware • All the data is available for download by anyone at anytime for analysis • Feeds data to NASA’s HoneyBeeNet

  7. Hive Locations (17)

  8. The Setup

  9. Hardware and Software • IBM Lenovo X60 laptop circa 2006 $90 ebay • 1.6 GHz, 80GB HD, 1GB RAM • Dual boot windows xp, unix • Lubuntu lightweight Ubuntu unixfree • Adam equipment CPWplus 200 scale $160 amazon • TEMPer2 USB thermoprobe$16 ebay • KinoboAkiro USB 2.0 microphone $19 amazon • Extension cord $5 • USB hub, extender, misc connectors $26 • Hivetool software, sox, etcfree • Plywood free ====== $316 TOTAL PROJECT COST

  10. Hardware Configuration Inside Outside Hive Weatherproof Electronics Enclosure Linux-based laptop or Pi TEMPer2 Ambient USB Hub 1 2 3 4 TEMPer2 Hive RS-232 to USB Adapter Microphone Hive Power 120 VAC Scale 12 VDC RS-232 Controller Platform(Load cells)

  11. Outside and Inside the Hive

  12. What the Software Does • At prespecified intervals, crontab: • Runs shell and perl scripts to capture hive data • Updates graphs • Emails computer status and daily graph • Backs up data and store offsite • Web pages updated in real time and served to the world Update long graphs Archive data Email update 6 am noon 6 pm midnight Weigh Audio sampling

  13. System Output

  14. What Can be Learned? and What Does it Mean?

  15. A Typical Day in the Life Broodnest temp Hive weight Ambient temp Midnight Noon Midnight

  16. Example: Pollen vs. Nectar Flow Data Log Data Log

  17. Example: Cleansing or Orientation Flight • At around noon on two days (12/27/13, 1/7/14), a sudden drop in hive weigh was noticed • From a 0.2 lb drop (62.7 – 62.5), a rough estimate of the number of bees leaving can be calculated; assuming 3000 bees per pound, approximately 600 more bees were flying • Is it possible to calculate hive strength and egg laying ability of the queen?

  18. Example: Cleansing or Orientation Flight bchains@doppelbienen: 2014/03/30 13:40 + 105.2 lb 2014/03/30 13:45 + 105.2 lb 2014/03/30 13:50 + 105.2 lb 2014/03/30 13:55 + 105.1 lb 2014/03/30 14:00 + 105.0 lb 2014/03/30 14:05 + 104.9 lb 2014/03/30 14:10 + 104.7 lb 2014/03/30 14:15 + 104.8 lb 2014/03/30 14:20 + 104.9 lb 2014/03/30 14:25 + 105.0 lb

  19. Example: Robbing?

  20. Example: Dehydration and Respiration in High Humidity • From midnight- 8 AM the hive gained weight (~0.2 lb = 3 oz = 90 mL) • Source is probably fog and/or condensation from bee respiration due to lowered dewpoint

  21. Example: Rain and Cold Spell

  22. Example: Growing Colony (Eucalyptus Flow?) Daily Midnights

  23. Example: Untreated Varroa Infestation • Total hive weight is dropping • Treated with half dose MAQS on Sep 15, and Nov 10 – ineffective Daily Midnights

  24. Analysis of Hive Sounds

  25. Audio Sampling • Microphone placed in center of broodnest • Frequency range: 100–16000 Hz • Sound sampled at 16k Hz for 10 sec, every 2h from 7am-7pm (depending on season) • 1000 Hz lowpass filter to reduce noise • Spectrogram updated q 2h on day’s events • Ogg format used to archive sounds Charles Butler. 'The feminine monarchie or a treatise concerning bees, and the due ordering of them'. Oxford, 1609. [NLS shelfmark: MRB.13]

  26. Audio Spectrogram • “Looking for” queen tooting/piping (350-550 Hz = G sharp), quacking (200-350 Hz), regular buzzing, disturbed sounds, tapping feet

  27. Audio Example: Circadian Activity Typical warm and sunny day 7 am 7 pm

  28. Audio Example: Queen Piping

  29. Audio Example: Waggle Dance Waggle dance

  30. Audio Example: Cold Foggy Day

  31. Audio Example: Raindrops

  32. What I’ve Learned • Bees are incredible creatures • Awesome insight can be obtained by simply weighing the hive • This can be done cheaply • Daily activity varies dramatically per nectar, pollen, weather • I’m more in touch with my bees, but inside the hive less • We need more hive monitoring! Join me! Bryan Hains bryan.hains@gmail.com Beebox: http://99.47.64.18:8080/ Doppelbienen: http://99.47.64.18:8081/

  33. Appendix

  34. Next Steps • Real-time audio streaming and analysis, email alerting for weight changes (swarming) • Video quantification of traffic? • Autonomous hive computer: • Raspberry Pi B: solar, wifi

  35. Example: Spring Nectar Flow (GA003) • Adding and removing honey supers is best managed by knowing the beginning and end of nectar flows • This hive experienced a 90 pound weight gain in just three weeks

  36. Example: Untreated Varroa Infestation

  37. Predictive Mathematical Models

  38. Audio Example: Walking Around? • Walking around after dark

  39. Audio Example: Leaf Blower • Bzzzz

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