Introduction to Phylum Arthropoda

1. Introduction to Phylum Arthropoda

2. Phylum Arthropoda • From Greek “Arthro-jointed”, “podis”-feet • Segmentedbody. • Paired segmented appendages. • Chitinousexoskeleton. • Open circulatory system, a tubular dorsal blood vessel. • Striated muscles in skeletal system. • Respiration by gills, tracheae, or spiracle.

3. Phylum Arthropoda • Insects (winged arthropods) • Arachnids (spiders, ticks, mites, etc.) • Crustaceans (isopods, crabs, lobsters) • Millipedes • Centipedes Cottonwood Leaf Beetle,Chrysomela scripta CUES, http://www.entomology.umn.edu/cues/IPM-turf/sodwebworms.htm Sod Webworm Moth, Crambus sp.

4. Class Crustacea: Crabs, lobsters, sowbugs • Two main body sections. • Five to seven pairs of legs. • Twopairs ofantennae. • Simpleeyes. • Gills O.F.A.H.http://www.invadingspecies.com/ Crayfish

5. Class Crustacea: Crabs, lobsters, sowbugs Pillbugs are land dwelling crustaceans complete with gills, that’s why they stay in humid areas under rocks!

6. Class Chilopoda: Centipedes • One pair of legs per body segment. • Flattened body. • First pair of legs modified as venomous fangs. • Nocturnal predators. • Few are dangerous to humans. Garden Centipede,Lithobius forficatus Department of Entomology,University of Nebraska-Lincoln

7. Class Chilopoda: Centipedes Georgia ForestryCommission ArchivesGeorgia ForestryCommissionwww.forestryimages.org Fangs of Scolopendrid Centipede (above)House Centipede,Scutigera coleoptrata (right) Department of Entomology,University of Nebraska-Lincoln

8. Class Diplopoda: Millipedes • Two pairs of legs per body segment. • Cylindrical body. Rounded appearance • Feed ondecayingplantmaterial. • Herbivorous • Nocturnal. • Harmless. Emily G. Tenczar Pet African Giant Millipedes

9. Class Diplopoda: Millipedes Photos by William Leonard, Tree of Life Web Project, http://tolweb.org/tree/phylogeny.html

10. Class Arachnida: Spiders, ticks, mites, harvestman, scorpions, pseudoscorpions etc. Pseudoscorpion Tick Mite Yellow Garden Spider

11. Class Arachnida Ronald F. BillingsTexas Forest Servicewww.forestryimages.org • Mouthparts are calledchelicerae. • Most contain venom. • Antennae are absent. • Four pairs of legs. • 1 to 2 body segments. Blacklegged Tick, Ixodes scapularis Yellow Garden Spider,Argiope aurantia Scott Bauer, USDA Agricultural Research Service, www.insectimages.org

12. Class Arachnida:Order Araneae: Spiders • Two body regions(cephalothorax, abdomen). • Fangs (chelicerae), mostare venomous. • Most are not dangerous. • Most make webs. • Most have poor eyesight;hairs compensate for it(jumping spiders are an exception). • Potentially dangerous spiders (bites are uncommon): Brown recluse spider, Black widow spider David Cappaert, www.insectimages.org Jumping Spider, Phidippus audax

13. Class Arachnida:Order Acari: Mites • Mites have only one noticeable body region. • Many are microscopic or close to it.

14. Class Arachnida:Order Opiliones: Harvestman (Daddy Longlegs) • One apparent bodyregion. • Abdomen andcephalothorax short. • Common and harmless. • Nocturnal. • Feed on detritus, fruit,or other animals. Leiobunum sp. Joseph Berger, www.insectimages.org

15. Class Arachnida: Order Pseudoscorpiones Notice Size • One apparent body segment • Looks like scorpion without tail • Very small soil dweller • Pedipalps or pinchers resemble those of scorpions • Source of venom • Harmless predators of soil insects

16. Class Insecta: Insects • Six legs • Protruding mouthparts, unlike non-insect hexapods. • Most have wings. David Cappaert, www.insectimages.org Milkweed Leaf Beetle,Labidomera clivicollis

17. *Class Entognatha:Order Collembola: Springtails • Small- Soil dwelling. • Furcula or fork-like springing structures. • Simple eyes. • Antennae. • Wingless adults. • Compact body • Feed ondecomposingmaterials. David R. Maddison, Tree of Life Web Projecthttp://tolweb.org/tree/phylogeny.html

18. Class Insecta:Order Coleoptera: Beetles Japanese Beetle,Popillia japonica, Adult (left)and Scarab Larva (below)

19. Class Insecta:Order Coleoptera: Beetles Elytra • Hardened forewings (elytra). • Elytra divided evenly down the back • Winged adults. • Chewing mouthparts. Note elytra division pattern like a “T” shape

20. Class Insecta: Order Hemiptera:True bugsAphids, whiteflies, scales, Cicadas, hoppers • Piercing/Sucking mouthparts. • Usually winged adults. • Wings criss-cross against back, form an hour-glass outline. • Nymphs and adults similar in appearance.

21. Class Insecta: Order Hemiptera:Suborder Heteroptera: True bugs Note “X” to hour glass shape of back and elytra • Most bugs feed on plants. • Some are predaceous. CUES, http://www.entomology.umn.edu/cues/dx/vk/fourbug.htm CUEShttp://www.entomology.umn.edu/cues/dx/vk/whitemark.htm Predaceous Stink Bug attacking caterpillar Fourlined Plant Bug, Poecilocapsus lineatus

22. Class Insecta:Order Thysanura: Silverfish • Three tail-like appendages. • Body flattened and covered with scales (like butterflies) • Wingless adults. • Three tails (fillaments) • Found inwet places. Lepisma saccharina Clemson University - USDA Cooperative Extension Slide Serieswww.insectimages.org

23. Class Insecta:Order Dermaptera: Earwigs • “Skin-like” front wings. • Abdomen ending in pinchers (cerci) • Chewing mouthparts. Striped Earwig,Labidura riparia Joseph Berger, www.insectimages.org