Lesson 3

1. Lesson 3 What is Nationalism?

2. Fast facts: • Since 1990, 33 new countries have been created • The dissolution of the USSR and Yugoslavia in the early 1990s caused the creation of most of the newly independent states Nationalism

3. What do the above have in common?

4. The previous are 20 of the 33 new countries created since 1990. • Fifteen of the twenty became independent when the USSR dissolved in 1991 • Five became independent when Yugoslavia dissolved in the early 1990s Nationalism

5. Namibia ( Independent of South Africa ) • North and South Yemen merged to form a unified Yemen • East and West Germany merged to form a united Germany • The Marshall Islands ( was apart of the Trust Territory of Pacific islands administered by the US ) Other countries that became independent......

6. Micronesia ( Independent from the US: previously the Caroline Islands ) • The Czech Republic and Slovenia • Eritrea ( Previously part of Ethiopia ) • Palau ( Part of the Trust Territory of the Pacific islands ) • East Timor ( Independent from Portugal in 1975; from Indonesia in 2002 ) Other Countries that became independent

7. June 3,2006: Montenegro ( Was part of Serbia and Montenegro – formerly part of Yugoslavia) –gained independence after a referendum • June 5,2006: Serbia ( became its own entity after Montenegro split ) • February17, 2008: Kosovo ( Unilaterally declared independence from Serbia ) The last three countries to gain independence

8. What role did nationalism play in achieving independence for these countries? • Let’s look at what nationalism is in more detail... Nationalism

9. Different beliefs: • a belief in nation • a shared sense of kinship or belonging • a shared collective identity • a specific type of political or sociological movement There are diverse understandings of nationalism

10. What is patriotism? • The love for one’s nation or country. • How do people express patriotism? • Discuss: Would you die for your country? Nationalism as belief in nation…

11. Nationalism is the collective , shared sense of belonging of people who identify themselves as a nation The “General” idea

12. Factors that shape nationalism: • Geography and Nationalism • Language and Nationalism • Spirituality, Religion and Nationalism • Ethnic Ties and Nationalism • Culture and Nationalism • Citizenship and Nationalism Note these ideas down, but leave space for examples (from lecture), and your own examples (for homework)

13. The land on which we live is a strong force in shaping our nations, and in creating a sense of nationalism • Connections to the land that inspire nationalism may be defined by distinct political boundaries or may exist outside of borders, and may be associated with: • a specific landscape • a specific climate • a specific environment Geography and Nationalism

14. natural features ( mountains, bodies of water, forests, plains, foothills, valleys ) often inspire nationalism • For example..... • A Mayan ruin • Chichen Itza, Mexico • Stonehenge, England • Israeli flags at the wailing wall Geography and Nationalsim

15. People of a nation can also have strong feelings of the land of their ancestors • India: before and after partition • Palestine/ Israel Geography and Nationalism

16. Many nations consider language to be language to be the “clay” that shape its people’s sense of nationalism or belonging • A common mode of communication means that people in a nation can share ideas, knowledge and wisdom-and make connections in a meaningful way Language and Nationalism

17. Spirituality: • Can mean many different things depending on the beliefs, values and culture of an individual or group of people • Can be trying to find the meaning of life • Can be connecting with a spiritual being • Can be achieving individual potential Spirituality, Religion and Nationalism

18. Comes from his/her relationship to the natural world • Promote respect and honor for what the world holds, including human beings, animals, plants, land, wind and sun Aboriginal spirituality

19. Based on understandings of one’s place in the world and ideas about how the group will live. • Members share a system of beliefs and values based on those understandings • For example........... Religion and Nationalism

20. The Five Pillars of Islam (Arabic: اركان الدين) are five practices essential to Sunni Islam. Shi'a Muslims subscribe to eight ritual practices which substantially overlap with the Five Pillars. They are: Religion and Nationalism

21. Creates a sense of belonging because of • Shared experiences (such as language, cultural beliefs, values, traditions, history, family ties ) • A shared sense of pride or loyalty to an ethnicity Examples? Ethnic Ties and Nationalism

22. Culture can inspire a sense of nationalism among members of a nation through such things as shared values, beliefs, traditions, ways of life, oral stories, • history, food, clothing, arts, TV and film • Cultural representations can unite people by expressing the shared experiences of a nation Culture and Nationalism

23. Food and Culture: • Food can represent important beliefs and values associated with a culture • The traditions related to eating and preparing certain foods can generate a sense of belonging and connection among people of a nation Culture and Nationalism continued

24. The Korovai: For wedding celebrations, a large circular sweet bread, considered holy, is the most significant of all wedding breads it is heavily decorated with symbolic ornaments shaped as pinecones ( symbolizing fertility), doves, geese, or other symbols of peace, love and faithfulness The making of Koravai is an important ritual in itself Food and Culture

25. The citizenship of a nation-state creates a sense of belonging through legal documentation such as laws, charters, passports and birth certificates The type of participation by citizens depends on the nation-state, but can include such things as: • Paying taxes • Serving the country’s armed forces • Voting in elections • Defending one’s own rights and the rights of others Citizenship and Nationalism

26. It is through shared experiences related to citizenship that people of a nation state feel a sense of nationalism and connection.

27. In your notebooks write down: Canadian Citizenship and Nationalism Laws Charters Paying taxes which pay for... Obeying federal laws such as ... Voting in elections such as.... Respecting the rights of others ; Not discriminating against others based on their...... Citizenship and Nationalism

28. A sense of nationalism inspired by the citizenship of a people is often confused with the concept of patriotism • Patriotism is a love for a nation or nation-state , and relates to a pride in that nation-state’s culture and achievements • Patriotism may also involve love and respect for national symbols, such as flags, landmarks, monuments and patriotism Nationalism vs. Patriotism

29. Today we have looked at the factors that shape nationalism: • Geography and Nationalism • Language and Nationalism • Spirituality, Religion and Nationalism • Ethnic Ties and Nationalism • Culture and Nationalism • Citizenship and Nationalism Throughout the lecture, examples of each of these were presented . Your task is to find specific and comprehensive examples of each on your own . Homework