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Animal Genetic Improvement in Tropical Area

Animal Genetic Improvement in Tropical Area. Dr. Wuttigrai Boonkum Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture Khon Kaen University. Why is heat stress important ?. HOT, HOTTER Temperatures have risen more in the Arctic than in the tropics. The Tropics. Economic losses.

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Animal Genetic Improvement in Tropical Area

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  1. Animal Genetic Improvement in Tropical Area Dr. WuttigraiBoonkum Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture KhonKaen University

  2. Why is heat stress important ? HOT, HOTTER Temperatures have risen more in the Arctic than in the tropics. The Tropics

  3. Economic losses Economic impacts of heat wave on dairy industry about $1 Billion 2003 economic loss $897 to $1500 million in US 2006 California heat wave kills 16,500 dairy cows statewide >2,000 cattle died in Nebraska during June 2009 2002 to 2007, Summer was the seasons with the highest of dairy deaths (15,773) in Italy

  4. Conclusions Global Change / Heat Stress Temp. THI Severe Heat Stress Moderate Heat Stress

  5. How heat stress occur ? Lower critical temp. Upper critical temp. Cold stress Thermoneutral zone 4-24 oC Heat stress humidity Heat production Ambient temperature

  6. Heat stress effects THI > 72 for production and around 68 for reproduction are considered to indicate heat stress in dairy cattle

  7. respiration rumination sweating feed intake water intake panting How heat stress occur ? Heat stress

  8. x How to reduce the effects of heat stress ? Production traits adjustment of housing and facilities Feed and Feeding management Crossbreeding system B.indicusB.taurus

  9. How to reduce the effects of heat stress ? Fertility traits avoiding breeding during hot conditions estrus synchronization timed artificial insemination

  10. x Alternative method Production traits Fertility traits Genetic selection Housing and Shading management avoiding breeding during hot season Feed and Feeding management estrus synchronization Crossbreeding system timed artificial insemination Temporary/non sustainable   B.indicusB.taurus Temporary/non sustainable

  11. What traits are interest to study? Genetic selection Ravagnolo and Misztal, (2000) • Using regular monthly milk records • THI information at the collecting date • Using days open records How heat stress affect on genetic ?

  12. Heat stress in Thailand Stress all time

  13. Results: Determination of heat stress threshold

  14. Publication

  15. Results: LSM and HI for DO summer winter

  16. ปัจจัยที่สัมพันธ์ต่อการเกิดความเครียดเนื่องจากร้อนในโคนมปัจจัยที่สัมพันธ์ต่อการเกิดความเครียดเนื่องจากร้อนในโคนม • Length of exposure to heat stress • Level of production • Stage of lactation • Cooling management • Feed consumption • Feed offered • Breed • cattle species • Size of the animal

  17. Implications : Threshold point Best genetic performance for milk production under heat stress conditions National genetic evaluation under hot-humid climates of Thailand Estimated breeding value; EBV Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University THI

  18. Animal 1 Animal 2 Genetic effect Ent1 Ent2 No G x E interaction Animal 1 Animal 2 Genetic effect Genetic effect Animal 2 Animal 1 Ent1 Ent2 Ent1 Ent2 Reranking G x E interaction Scaling G x E interaction

  19. Conclusions

  20. ค่า EBV ของพ่อพันธุ์โคนมของกรมปศุสัตว์ปี 2553

  21. Disease Resistance ยีนต้านทาน โรคเต้านมอักเสบ DRB3 ยีนต้านทาน โรคไข้เห็บ Fertility trait QTL Marker Leptin gene Milk Production Heat tolerance RM188 QTL marker Another approach Integration of DNA Marker Technology DNA Marker ที่สัมพันธ์กับลักษณะสำคัญของโคนมเขตร้อน HSP70 gene

  22. Marker for Heat tolerance (HSP70) Heat tolerant A C B

  23. Marker for Fertility (Leptin) 522 bp B 1 Short Days Open อัลลีล A 522 bp อัลลีลB 441 bp

  24. Marker for Tropical Dissease resistance (DRB3) B. bovis B. bigemina A. marginale 689bp 446 bp 345bp Tickborne fever Resistant

  25. Genomic Selection in Dairy Cattle

  26. Genomic selection P = G + E Genetic evaluation or Molecular genetics Appropriated major gene only Need time and data complete

  27. Reliability of breeding values 50% reliability is realistic

  28. Advantages of Genomic Selection Increased genetic improvement (30-40%) Higher genetic level of test sires Higher genetic level of Delta embryo’s Wider portfolio of commercial bulls & higher level More outcross; less inbreeding

  29. Disadvantages of Genomic Selection New method, not fully proven or tested Need to genotype a sufficiently large set of animals for accurate GEBV Across breed accuracy low Genotypes still costly (10,000 bath/head)

  30. Conclusions Survival/Culling Type triat High milk production 15 kg/d GPX Skin type Longevity Functional trait ROI-ET FRIESIAN Pregnancy rate Fertility Tropical disease resistant Conception rate Heat tolerance Mastitis Tick fever Heat response Thermoregulation

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