CHANGING AMERICA – MOVING FROM ISOLATIONISM TO IMPERIALISM (EXPANSIONISM)

1. CHANGING AMERICA –MOVING FROM ISOLATIONISM TO IMPERIALISM(EXPANSIONISM) For: Mr. Cook’s “quick quiz” By: Mrs. Camuto

2. WHAT IS ISOLATIONISM? X • This policy was started as far back as Washington’s time – he believed in isolationism! • This was the belief that the United States should STAY OUT OF OTHER COUNTRIES PROBLEMS / ISSUES. • This belief began with Washington’s Farewell Address and the Monroe Doctrine. THE BELIEF THAT THE UNITED STATES SHOULD KEEP TO ITSELF!

3. WHAT IS IMPERIALISM? (EXPANSIONISM) • IMPERIALISM is the desire of the United States to trade with other countries. We believed this would help our economy grow. • We also took part in EXPANSIONISM. This was the policy of “taking over” or gaining control of other countries.

4. HOW DID AMERICA’S FOREIGN POICY CHANGE FROM 1850 – 1916? • The United States went from a FOREIGN POLICY changed from ISOLATIONISM (staying to ourselves) to IMPERIALISM (the desire to trade with many other countries in the world!) U.S. CHANGED and wanted to TRADE with countries all around the world!

5. ALASKA! • Alaska was a very large land area owned by RUSSIA. • They decided to sell it to the United States for 7.2 million dollars! (2 cents per acre) • WILLIAM SEWARD - (U.S. Secretary of State) decided it was a GREAT buy and made the deal! • Many Americans thought he was CRAZY for making the deal! • Turns out – Alaska has many natural resources and was A GREAT BUY for the United States.

6. HAWAII • The Hawaiian Islands are a series of a large number of tropical islands that are together in one area! • The climate is beautiful and they can grow things year round. • King Kamehameha had control over the islands and the United States was friendly with him. • When he died, his sister, Queen Liliukalani took over. • The sugar cane planters form the U.S. were going greedy and wanted greater control of the islands. • They convinced Congress to send U.S. Marines to Hawaii. • Not wanting to see any war or death, Queen Lilly resigned and turned her country over to the United States. (UNWILLING!) • The U.S. ANNEXED Hawaii soon after • In 1959, Hawaii was made our 50th. State. Sugar cane – The planters main crop! QUEEN LILIUKALANI

7. JAPAN • Japan had a policy of NOT TRADING with anyone! (They allowed ONE SHIP per year!) • The United States wanted to trade with them! • We sent MATTHEW PERRY to work out a deal with Japan’s emperor. He went to Japan with one large battleship at first! • Japan said, “They would think about it!” • Matthew Perry showed up a few months later with SEVEN warships! • Japan agreed to trade with the U.S. – They signed the TREATY OF KANAGAWA in 1854. Matthew Perry meeting Japanese leaders! Matthew Perry – the man who “opened up” Japan!

8. AMERICAN SAMOA • Samoa was known for it’s GREAT HARBOR! • The United States was interested in building a military base there! • Germany and Great Britain were all ready there! • We ALMOST went to war with them however a BIG storm blew in and SANK a number of ships from BOTH sides! • After the storm, the three countries were able to come to a PEACEFUL solution. • Germany and the United States divided Samoa. • Great Britain received some territories in another part of the Pacific.

9. CHINA • Six nations had taken over small parts of China and were controlling the people the people who lived there and all TRADE in that area. • These were called Spheres of Influence. • The United States wanted to be able to trade with China too! • John Hay drafted a letter and sent it to each nation telling them we would like to trade in China also! • This was called the OPEN DOOR NOTE. • The other countries did not respond to the letter so we just began trading in China (OPEN DOOR POLICY) • Many Chinese were unhappy with the other countries being in China and started a REBELLION called the Boxer Rebellion. This was quickly “crushed by the countries involved. John Hay – U.S. Secretary of State THE BOXER REBELLION

10. THE PANAMA CANAL • President Theodore Roosevelt wanted to build the PANAMA CANAL! • This was DIFFICULT and many workers got sick or died building the canal. • The PANAMA CANAL had many advantages – 1.) It connected the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean. 2.) It INCREASED our role in Latin America. 3.) The canal helped the U.S. move their Navy MUCH QUICKER!

11. THE SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR! • The Spanish American war had a number of CAUSES: 1.) Trouble in Cuba – Spain’s treatment of Cuban citizens angered many! 2.) Yellow Journalism – some reporters wanted to sell more newspapers so they made little problems seem far worse than they were! 3.) The explosion of the Maine – This was a U.S. battleship. It exploded and killed many American sailors. Some felt it was an accident but the incident was “built up” and became the LAST STRAW! It led to war! The was only lasted FOUR MONTHS! The United States got Puerto Rico and Guam. The U.S. was sold the Philippines. The U.S. controlled Cuba (the Platt Amendment) Teddy Roosevelt leads the charge of the Rough Riders up San Juan Hill in July, 1898.

12. Puerto Rico • The Foraker Act of 1900 established a government for the island of Puerto Rico. • This new land was acquired by the United States as a result of the Spanish American War.

13. ROOSEVELT AND HIS BIG STICK POLICY!(The Roosevelt Corollary) • EVER SINCE the Monroe Doctrine, the United States had shown a STRONG INTEREST in Latin America. • President Roosevelt declared that the U.S. had the RIGHT to use MILITARY FORCE in order to keep order in LATIN AMERICA. • This policy became known as the Roosevelt Corollary.

14. DOLLAR DIPLOMACY • The President at this time, WILLIAM HOWARD TAFT, wanted American Bankers to invest in Latin America. • He wanted to use TRADE rather than our nation’s WARSHIPS to EXPAND our influence. • This became known as DOLLAR DIPLOMACY!