The Periodic Table and Periodicity

1. The Periodic Table and Periodicity

3. Arrangement • In order of increasing atomic number in specific columns and rows.

4. Groups- vertical columns of the PT

5. Periods- horizontal row on the PT

6. Groups are important on the PT • Why? • The elements in a group have similar chemical and physical properties!

7. Alkali Metals – Group 1

8. Alkaline Earth Metals – Group 2

9. Halogens – Group 17

10. Noble Gases – Group 18

11. Transition Metals – Groups 3 - 12

12. Inner Transition Metals

13. Metals - • Lustrous • Good conductors of heat & electricity • Malleable – can be pounded into thin sheets • Ductile – can be drawn into thin wire

14. Metals on the PT

15. Nonmetals - Lack properties of metals

16. Metalloids (semi-metals)- have a mixture of metallic and nonmetallic properties

17. Most elements can be isolated to atomic elements – individual atoms 7 elements are too reactive to exist as individual atoms, instead, they are found as molecular elements – 2 atoms bonded together Hydrogen, H2 Oxygen, O2 Nitrogen, N2 Chlorine, Cl2 Bromine, Br2 Iodine, I2 Fluorine, F2 Diatomic Elements

18. Periodicity • Atomic radius – defined as ½ the distance between the nuclei of two adjacent atoms of an element.

19. Periodicity • First Ionization Energy – energy needed to remove an electron from an atom. • Electronegativity – ability of an atom to attract electrons to itself