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Incorporating Accessibility Topics in CS/IT Courses

Explore the importance of accessibility innovations and their incorporation in design and development courses. Discover resources, strategies, and guidelines for creating accessible websites, apps, and more.

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Incorporating Accessibility Topics in CS/IT Courses

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  1. Incorporating Accessibility Topics in CS/IT Courses Richard Ladner University of Washington

  2. Outline • Accessibility innovations matter • Accessibility in design/development courses • Accessibility in general courses • Resources

  3. Accessibility Innovations Matter Innovations for Disability Solutions for Everyone • Captioning • Personal texting • Personal Video Chat • Optical Character Recognition • Speech Synthesis • Speech Recognition

  4. Caption Decoder Caption Decoder, circa 1980

  5. Personal Texting

  6. TTY with Modem TTY with modem, circa 1975

  7. Personal Video Chat Facetime for the iPhone 2011 Skype Mobile 2012 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8UuFbJdhsVw

  8. Personal Video Chat Sorenson, 2002 Picture Phone, 1964

  9. OCR and Speech Synthesis Speech Synthesis Optical Character Recognition

  10. OCR and Speech Synthesis

  11. Speech Recognition

  12. Speech Recognition for Hands Free Access Sang-Mook Lee

  13. My Message Disability and technology innovation are intertwined.

  14. Outline • Accessibility innovations matter • Accessibility in design/development courses • Accessibility in general courses • Resources

  15. Design and Development • Introduction to Human Centered Design • Web design and development • App design and development • iOS • Android • Microsoft

  16. Design Concepts in HCI • Design for Accessibility • Universal Design • Ability-Based Design • User Engaged Design • User-Centered Design • Participatory Design • Design for User Empowerment

  17. Universal Design HUB 2010 HUB 2014

  18. Seven Principles for Universal Design • Equitable Use. • Flexibility in Use. • Simple and Intuitive Use. • Perceptible Information. • Tolerance for Error. • Low Physical Effort. • Size and Space for Approach and Use http://universaldesign.ie/What-is-Universal-Design/The-7-Principles/

  19. Ability-Based Design • Design to leverage the full range of human potential Standard Assistive Technology system adaptation user Ability-Based Assistive Technology   system users Wobbrock, Kane, Gajos, Harada, Froehlich 2011

  20. iOS Text-to Speech

  21. User Engaged Design • Recognition that the intended users of a technology may be different than the designers • Designs with the engagement of the intended users will more likely be adopted

  22. User Centered Design • Involve the user in the design cycle Analysis User Centered Design Design User Feedback Prototype

  23. Participatory Design • Involve the user in the design Analysis User Centered Design Design Including Users User Feedback Prototype

  24. User Empowerment • Involve the user in every step of the design cycle Analysis by Users User Empowerment Design by Users User Feedback Prototype by Users

  25. Web Design/Development • Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 2.0 • Standard is AA • Descriptive not Proscriptive • Accessible Rich Internet Applications (ARIA) • Methodology for creating accessible interactive web pages

  26. App Accessibility • Guidelines for creating accessible apps are available from Apple, Google, and Microsoft • Question 1: Most apps are not accessible, why not? • Question 2: Isn’t it harder to create an accessible app?

  27. Outline • Accessibility innovations matter • Accessibility in design/development courses • Accessibility in general courses • Resources

  28. Courses • Computer Vision • Natural Language Processing (NLP) • Signal Processing • Data Compression • Software Engineering • Capstone Design

  29. Strategies • Part of a lecture • Lecture • Course

  30. Data Compression

  31. Braille • System to read text by feeling raised dots on paper (or on electronic displays). Invented in 1820s by Louis Braille, a French blind man. a b c z and the with mother th ch gh CSE 490gz - Lecture 1 - Winter 2002

  32. Braille Example Clear text: Call me Ishmael. Some years ago -- never mind how long precisely -- having \\ little or no money in my purse, and nothing particular to interest me on shore, \\ I thought I would sail about a little and see the watery part of the world. (238 characters) Grade 2 Braille in ASCII. ,call me ,i\%mael4 ,``s ye$>$s ago -- n``e m9d h[ l;g precisely -- hav+ \\ ll or no m``oy 9 my purse1 \& no?+ ``picul$>$ 6 9t]e/ me on \%ore1 \\ ,i $?$``$|$ ,iwd sail ab a ll \& see ! wat]y ``p ( ! \_w4 (203 characters) 15% smaller

  33. Tactile Vision

  34. Text Book Translation Problem graphics math text

  35. Tactile Graphic

  36. Accessibility Capstone

  37. Course Schedule Create prototype Feedback Create final app Present Poster Talk Paper • Intro to accessibility • Intro to Android development • Mini-project • Form teams • Create design • Feedback

  38. Example Projects • The Phone Wand - Navigating routes using orientation and vibration feedback. • Pic2Speech - Custom augmented speech. • Street Sign Reader - Reading street signs so you don't have to. • WhosHere - Finding out which friends are around you. • TapBeats - The sound of gestures. • Sound Detector - Detecting recognizable sound patterns to alert the user.

  39. Outline • Accessibility innovations matter • Accessibility in design/development courses • Accessibility in general courses • Resources

  40. Accessible Apps and Webpages • Web Content Accessibility Guidelines 2.0 • http://www.w3.org/TR/WCAG20/ • Microsoft Accessibility • http://www.microsoft.com/enable/ • Apple Accessibility • https://www.apple.com/accessibility/ • Android Accessibility • https://developer.android.com/guide/topics/ui/accessibility

  41. Courses • Freshman Design • Michigan - http://eng100.engin.umich.edu/list/sec650/ • University of Portland -http://faculty.up.edu/ainan/egr110Bf14designproject.pdf • Capstone • Michigan - http://eecs.umich.edu/cse/faculty/chesney/articles_media.html • MIT - http://courses.csail.mit.edu/PPAT/fall2014/index.html • Washington - http://courses.cs.washington.edu/courses/cse481h/

  42. Industry, academia and advocacy have come together to create models for teaching and training students of technology to create accessible experiences. Founded 2015 http://teachaccess.org/

  43. References • Jacob O. Wobbrock, Krzysztof Z. Gajos, Shaun K. Kane, and Gregg C. Vanderheiden. 2018. Ability-based design. Communications of the ACM 61, 6 (May 2018), 62-71. • Richard E. Ladner. 2015. Design for user empowerment. Interactions 22, 2 (February 2015), 24-29. • Andrew J. Ko and Richard E. Ladner. 2016. AccessComputing Promotes Teaching Accessibility. ACM Inroads 7, 4 (November 2016), 65-68. • Kristen Shinohara, Saba Kawas, Andrew J. Ko, and Richard E. Ladner. 2018. Who Teaches Accessibility?: A Survey of U.S. Computing Faculty. In Proceedings of the 49th ACM Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education (SIGCSE '18). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 197-202.

  44. Discussion

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