First Aid

1. First Aid Chapter 4 Bleeding and Shock

2. External Bleeding Blood can be seen coming from an open wound

3. External Bleeding Hemorrhage: large amount of blood in a short time

4. External Bleeding Types: 3 types. Classified according to source. • Arterial • Venous • Capillary

5. External Bleeding Types: Arterial Blood spurts from wound Most serious Blood lost at a fast rate Less likely to clot Arteries carry blood away from the heart

6. External Bleeding Types: Venous Flows steadily Easier to control Deep vein cuts can be hard to control Veins return blood to the heart

7. External Bleeding Types: Capillary Blood oozes Usually not serious Can be easily controlled Often will clot by itself Capillaries connect veins and arteries

8. External Bleeding What to do: First Aid is the same regardless of type of bleeding

9. External Bleeding What to do: Control the Bleeding!

10. External Bleeding What to do: Put on gloves. Apply pressure to wound with a clean or sterile gauze pad (4x4).

11. External Bleeding What to do: Elevate above the heart. Reduces blood flow.

12. External Bleeding What to do: Wrap with kling or kerlex.

13. External Bleeding What to do: Tie directly over wound

14. External Bleeding What to do: Check pulse below dsg site Radial Post Tib

15. External Bleeding What to do: If bleeding does not stop in 10 minutes: Press harder over a wider area for another 10 minutes.

16. External Bleeding What to do: If bleeding continues use pressure point above dsg site Pressure point: Brachial Femoral

17. brachial femoral

18. External Bleeding What NOT to do: Touch wound with bare hands

19. External Bleeding What NOT to do: Use direct pressure on an eye wound

20. External Bleeding What NOT to do: Remove a blood soaked bandage. (instead you should apply another on top.) Removing a blood soaked bandage is like removing a scab.

21. External Bleeding What NOT to do: Apply the bandage too tight Will cut off circulation.

22. Internal Bleeding Skin is unbroken. Blood is not visible. Can be difficult to detect. Can be life threatening.

23. Internal Bleeding What to look for: Bruises Painful, tender, rigid abdomen Fractured ribs Vomiting or coughing up blood Stools that are black or have bright red blood

24. Internal Bleeding What to do: Monitor ABCH If vomiting, keep lying on side Treat for shock SMA Do not give anything to eat or drink.

25. Shock Circulatory System Failure. 3 components in the Circulatory System: Pump: heart Pipes: vessels Fluid:blood

26. Shock Most seriously injured victims should automatically be treated for shock

27. Shock 3 Types: • Pump failure • Fluid Loss • Pipe Failure

28. Shock Pump failure: Failure of to pump sufficient blood. Ex: heart attack

29. Shock Fluid Loss: Loss of significant amount of fluid from body. Usually blood Could also be from fluid loss through: burns diarrhea vomiting

30. Shock Pipe Failure: Blood vessels enlarge and blood supply is not enough to fill them • Spinal cord damage • Drugs • Extreme fear, fright

31. Shock Pupils: dull or dilated Breathing, shallow, labored, rapid What to look for: Skin: pale, bluish, cold, clammy, profuse sweating Nausea, vomiting Pulse rapid, weak

32. Shock What to do: Lay down Cover with blanket Elevate legs (8-12 inches)

33. Shock What NOT to do: Raise legs if suspect spine injury or stroke

34. Shock What NOT to do: Place victims with breathing difficulties, heart attack or eye injuries on their backs. (They need head elevated)

35. Shock What NOT to do: Place 3rd trimester pregnant victim on their back. (Place on left side instead)

36. Left side Right side

37. Shock What NOT to do: Raise the legs more than 12 inches. Effects breathing. Abd organ s push up against diaphragm

38. Anaphylaxis Life threatening allergic reaction

39. Anaphylaxis Common Causes: • Medications • Food • Insect stings • Plant pollen • Radiological dyes

40. Anaphylaxis What to look for: • Sneezing, coughing, wheezing • SOB • Swelling in throat, tongue or mouth • Rapid pulse • Cyanosis • Dizziness • Nausea/vomiting

41. Anaphylaxis What to do: • Check ABC • SMA • Help victim use epinephrine (if they have epipen)

42. Learning Activities 4 Bleeding 1. Most cases of bleeding require more than direct pressure. No

43. Learning Activities 4 Bleeding 2. Remove an d replace blood soaked dressings. No

44. Learning Activities 4 Bleeding 3. Elevate and use direct pressure to control bleeding. Yes

45. Learning Activities 4 Bleeding 4. If direct pressure and elevation do not control bleeding, use a tourniquet. No

46. Learning Activities 4 Bleeding 5. Tourniquets are often needed. No

47. Learning Activities 4 Scenerio: 25y/o badly cut on thigh with saw. Blood flowing heavy. Cut is 6-8 inches long. What to do? Apply pressure Elevate Femoral pressure point if needed

48. Learning Activities 4 Shock 1. Most severely injured victims should have their legs raised. Yes

49. Learning Activities 4 Shock 2. Give the victim something to drink. No

50. Learning Activities 4 Shock 3. Put blankets under and over the victim. Yes