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CS-502 Operating Systems

CS-502 Operating Systems. Hugh C. Lauer Adjunct Professor. Why an Operating Systems course?. WPI CS requirements – “core area” for grads Understanding of inner workings of “systems” Exposure to diversity of operating systems OS-related assignments you may see in real life:–

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CS-502 Operating Systems

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  1. CS-502 Operating Systems Hugh C. LauerAdjunct Professor Introduction

  2. Why an Operating Systems course? • WPI CS requirements – “core area” for grads • Understanding of inner workings of “systems” • Exposure to diversity of operating systems • OS-related assignments you may see in real life:– • “Design and develop an operating system to do THIS” (not probable) • “Select an operating system for a product that will do THAT” (probable) • “Design and develop this application on THAT system to exploit its special features” (likely) Introduction

  3. Textbook and Web • Text Book: • (required) Operating Systems Concepts, 7th edition, by Silberschatz, Galvin, and Gagne, John Wiley and Sons, 2005 • (very useful) Linux Kernel Design, 2nd edition, by Robert Love, Novell Press, 2005 • (supplemental) Modern Operating Systems, 2nd edition, by Andrew S. Tanenbaum, Prentice Hall, 2001 • Course Information: • http://web.cs.wpi.edu/~cs502/f06/ Introduction

  4. Prerequisites • Prerequisites: • C/C++ programming • Data structures • Unix/Linux user experience and access • Computer Organization • Reading assignment • Silbershatz Chapter 1 and §2.8 Introduction

  5. Schedule Fuller Labs – Room 320 6:00 PM to 8:50 PM Approx two 5 minute breaks around 7PM, 8PM 14 classes No break for Thanksgiving! Term Project & Final Exam – Monday, December 11, 2006 4-5 Programming Projects 2-3 weeks each Mobile Phones, pagers and other similar devices OFF during class If you need to eat during class Please be QUIET Avoid spicy or savory aromas (pot stickers, curries, etc.) Office Hours by appointment will try to be in Adjunct Office, Fuller 239, by 4 PM on Monday afternoons Contact <Professor’s last name> @ cs.wpi.edu Adjunct office phone:(508) 831-6470 (shared) Schedule & Logistics Introduction

  6. Grading • Grading • Exams & quizzes – 35% • Programming Projects (4-5) – 35% • Term Project – 15% • Class participation and written homework – 15% • Unless otherwise noted, assignments are to be completed individually, not groups • Late Policy – 10%/day • But contact Professor for extenuating circumstances • WPI Academic Honesty policy Introduction

  7. Ground Rule • There are no “stupid” questions. • It is a waste of your time and the class’s time to proceed when you don’t understand the basic terms. • If you don’t understand it, someone else probably doesn’t it, either. Introduction

  8. Programming Projects • This term we embark on an experiment in CS-502 projects • Each student will get a “virtual machine” • What is a virtual machine? (§2.8 in Silbershatz) • Build, modify, install Linux kernel on your virtual machine • Debug, analyze, crash • Restore, try again Introduction

  9. Programming Projects (continued) • Similar to Fossil Lab • http://fossil.wpi.edu • Shares VMware server resource in CS Dept • However, • Does not require physical presence on campus • Does require you to install VMware client application on your home or office PC • No Macintosh version of client is available Introduction

  10. Action items • Sign up for CS Department logins • http://www.cs.wpi.edu/Account • See instructions for setting up your virtual machine • See course web page for links to instructions. • (Alternative) Acquire and install VMware Workstation at home or office • See course web page for links to instructions. Introduction

  11. Introductions • Who are you? • Name, year, degree, major • Full time student? Work experience in computing, etc.? Employer? • C & C++ experience • Other programming experience • Previous degree and where • Why CS502 – Operating Systems? • Anything else relevant? Introduction

  12. Instructor — Hugh C. LauerAdjunct Professor • Ph. D. Carnegie-Mellon 1972-73 • Dissertation “Correctness in Operating Systems” • Lecturer: University of Newcastle upon Tyne, UK • Approximately 30 years in industry in USA • Research topics • Operating Systems • Proofs of Correctness • Computer Architecture • Networks and Distributed Computing • Real-time networking • 3D Volume Rendering • Surgical Simulation • … Introduction

  13. Systems Experience • University of Newcastle • Systems Development Corporation • Xerox Corporation (Palo Alto) • Software Arts, Inc. • Apollo Computer • Eastman Kodak Company • Mitsubishi Electric Research Labs (MERL) • Real-Time Visualization • Founded and spun out from MERL • Acquired by TeraRecon, Inc. • SensAble Technologies, Inc. Introduction

  14. VolumePro™ • Interactive volume rendering of 3D data such as • MRI scans • CT scans • Seismic scans • Two generations of ASICs, boards, software • VolumePro 500 – 1999 • VolumePro 1000 – 2001 • CTO, Chief Architect of VolumePro 1000 • 7.5-million gate, high-performance ASIC • 109 Phong-illuminated samples per second Introduction

  15. Sample images from VolumePro Introduction

  16. IBSYS (IBM 7090) OS/360 (IBM 360) TSS/360 (360 mod 67) Michigan Terminal System (MTS) CP/CMS & VM 370 MULTICS (GE 645) Alto (Xerox PARC) Pilot (Xerox STAR) CP/M MACH Apollo DOMAIN Unix (System V & BSD) Apple Mac (v.1 – v.9) MS-DOS Windows NT, 2000, XP various embedded systems … Operating Systems I have known Introduction

  17. Class Discussion What is an Operating System? Introduction

  18. Characteristics Large, complex set of programs Long-lived, evolutionary Worked on by many people over many years Functions Creates abstractions Multiplexes concurrent activities Manages resources Also Mediates access to hardware devices Provides a variety of services to users and applications What is an Operating System? Introduction

  19. Abstractions:– Implements processes & threads Implements virtual memory & manages memory Provides interprocess communication (IPC) Implements file system. Manages persistent storage of information Controls I/O Implements networking & communications Definition — Same as judicial definition of pornography “I cannot define it, but I sure can recognize one when I see it!” What is an operating system? (cont’d) Introduction

  20. What is an Operating System XYZ Office Media Player Business Appl. Prog. Tools Services UI/Shell Practical OS OS Kernel Traditional OS Hardware Interfaces – Registers, etc. CPU I/O Controllers Introduction

  21. Major OS Issues • structure: how is the OS organized? • sharing: how are resources shared across users? • naming: how are resources named (by users or programs)? • security: how is the integrity of the OS and its resources ensured? • protection: how is one user/program protected from another? • performance: how do we make it all go fast? • reliability: what happens if something goes wrong – hardware or software • extensibility: can we add new features? • communication: how do programs exchange information • concurrency: how are parallel activities created and controlled? • scale: what happens as demands or resources increase? • persistence: how do you make data last longer than program executions? • distribution: how do multiple computers interact with each other? • accounting: how do we keep track of resource usage, and charge for it? Introduction

  22. Operating Systems • Large, complex programs • Typically • Long-lived • Frequently extended and updated • Worked on by a number of developers • Used and, maybe abused by a variety of users with varying expertise and expectations • Essential to create an acceptable computing environment to create and execute other programs that achieve business or personal goals Introduction

  23. Kinds of operating systems • Stand-alone machines – no OS • Simple batch monitors • Concurrent I/O and programs • Time-sharing, multiple users, interactive • Servers, non-stop systems, transaction processing • PC’s, workstations • Multiple processor systems • Real-time systems • Embedded systems Introduction

  24. Stand-alone machines – no OS Manually scheduled “jobs,” reset between jobs Early business computers E.g., IBM 1401/1460 Early mini-computers E.g., PDP1, PDP5, PDP8, etc. Simple batch monitors Simple “monitor routine” switches between jobs Input loaded onto tape off-line Output to tape is punched and/or printed off-line Typical university computing centers IBM 7090, Univac, etc. Kinds of operating systems (1) Introduction

  25. Kinds of operating systems (2) • Concurrent I/O and programs • SPOOL-ing (Simultaneous Peripheral Operation On Line) • Allows direct input & output • Multiple programs resident in memory at once • Keeps processor busy • On-line file storage • Some support for terminals, telecommunications • Early business computers • E.g., IBM 7070, IBM 360 & 370 • Scientific computing • E.g., Control Data 6600, IBM 360/91 Introduction

  26. Kinds of operating systems (3) • Time-sharing, multiple users, interactive • Many concurrent users “logged on” • Interactive editing and computing • Self submission of batch jobs • Protection among users, protection among jobs • Fair allocation of resources • All university computing centers since about 1970 • E.g., MULTICS, IBM 360/67, DEC PDP-10, PDP-20 • Advanced minicomputers • DEC, Data General, Prime, etc. • Unix Introduction

  27. Kinds of operating systems (4) • Servers, non-stop systems, transaction processing • Banking, airline reservation • Online databases • Many very short “transactions” • Tandem, Stratus, Sequoia • Unix, Linux, Solaris, HP-UX • Windows Server 2000, 2003 • Oracle, SAP (?) Introduction

  28. PC’s, workstations CP/M, DOS, MS-DOS Apollo Domain Unix, Solaris, HP-UX Mac OS Windows 95, 98, Me Windows 2000, XP Linux Multiple processor systems Beowulf clusters Unix, Solaris, HP-UX, Linux Kinds of operating systems (5) Introduction

  29. Real-time systems SAGE (North American air defense) Process control (steel mills, refineries, etc.) Large and small; computers you never heard of VxWorks, etc. Embedded systems Auto ignition Cell phone, PDA Appliances … Kinds of operating systems (6) Introduction

  30. Break (next topic) Introduction

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