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Male Reproductive System

Male Reproductive System. Path and Production of Sperm. Testes - olive size (1-1.5in) Divided into lobules Lobules contain 1-4 seminiferous tubules Between seminiferous tubules are interstitial cells Interstitial cells produce androgens = testosterone

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Male Reproductive System

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  1. Male Reproductive System

  2. Path and Production of Sperm • Testes- olive size (1-1.5in) • Divided into lobules • Lobules contain 1-4 seminiferous tubules • Between seminiferous tubules are interstitial cells • Interstitial cells produce androgens = testosterone • Sperm leave S.F.T. to go into epididymus.

  3. Lobules Atrophied Testes: Alcoholism, Mumps Normal

  4. Inside the seminiferous tubules seminiferous tubules Spermatozoa Cells

  5. The path continues…. • Epididymus • 20 ft. coiled on posterior lateral side of testis • Use: temporary storage of immature sperm. • Sperm travel approximately 1 ft a day • Sperm gain ability to swim at the end • When stimulated male epididymus contracts to expel sperm into the vas deference.

  6. The long and windy road… • Vas Deferens • Runs up epididymus into pelvic cavity • Arches over bladder • Empties into ejaculatory duct. • Vasectomy = vas deference is cut or cauterized. • Sperm produced but reabsorbed • Testosterone still produced. Sex drive and characteristics remain the same. Pregnancy & Reproductive Vasectomy

  7. Follow the Vas Deferens

  8. Still traveling…. • Ejaculatory duct- (ejac to shoot forth) • Passes through prostate gland • Merges with urethra • Moves sperm through peristaltic waves.

  9. The road has an end. • Urethra • Sperm are ejaculated through it • Urine and sperm can’t travel at the same time • Bladder sphincter constricts when sperm ejaculates.

  10. Accessory Glands • Seminal Vesicle • 60% of semen • Thick and Yellow • Sugar nourishes • Vitamin C activates sperm • Excretes into the ejaculatory duct

  11. Extra Accessories • Prostate Gland • Chestnut size and shape • Below bladder, anterior to rectum = milky fluid activates sperm • Examined by rectal exam • Problem- • Hypertrophy of prostate strangles the urethra,causes bladder infections and difficulty urinating. • Cures: Balloon method, radiation, drugs

  12. Prostate Location (Right) and enlarged prostate (L). Should be 3-4 cm.

  13. How the problem effects the male urinary system: • Prostate Gland • 3 lobes enlarged • Caused a stone to form in the bladder. Prostate Cancer Biopsy & Removal This one Talks

  14. Even more Accessories… • Bulbourethral Glands • Pea-sized inferior to prostate • Secrete thick clear mucous • 1st secretion. • Jobs • Cleanses urethra and removes acidic traces of urine • Lubricant during sexual intercourse

  15. Semen • Alkaline pH 7.2-7.6 • Neutralizes vaginal pH of 3.5 • Dilutes sperm – increasing sperm motility • Approximately 1 tsp (5ml) of fluid ejaculated with 50-130 million sperm in each ml.

  16. Sperm Production • Spermatogenesis. • Starts in puberty when FSH is secreted by the anterior pituitary. • Primary spermatocytes then go through meiosis. (4 sperm are made) • Takes 64-72 days to make sperm • 23 Chromosomes = Haploid. Spermatogenesis

  17. Infertility • Diagnosed by semen analysis. • Check sperm count, motility, and morphology • Less than 20 million sperm/ml- infertile • Threats to sperm = • Antibiotics- suppress sperm formation • Radiation, pesticides, lead, pot, tobacco, heat Pregnancy & Reproductive Impotence

  18. External Genitalia • Scrotum • Job to decrease temp. to keep sperm viable • Changes in scrotal surface area depending on Temp. • Penis or ‘tail’ • Urethra is surrounded by three tubes of erectile tissue • Fill with blood when excited = erection

  19. Testosterone Production • Interstitial cells- activated by lutenizing hormone (LH) of the pituitary • Produce Testosterone = secondary sex characteristics • Deep Voice from enlarged larynx • Increased hair growth • Heightened skeletal muscle and bone size

  20. Parts of the sperm Acrosome: Cap of the sperm. Has a Lysosome to eat into the egg. Head: Contains DNA/ Chromosomes Midpiece is full of mitochondria to make ATP for sperm movement. Tail: Used to move sperm.

  21. Practice

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