Resources & Energy

1. Resources & Energy

2. BIG Ideas: • People and other organisms use Earth’s resources for everyday living. • People use energy resources, most of which originate from the Sun, for everyday living. • The use of natural resources can impact Earth’s land, air, and water.

3. I. Resources • Limited • Two categories: • Renewable: can be replaced by nature at a rate close to the rate at which they are used • Nonrenewable: renewed very slowly or not at all

4. A. Renewable Resources • Resources that can be replaced within a human’s lifetime • Name a few resources that you think are considered renewable…

5. Water

6. Wind

7. Vegetation

8. Sunlight

9. B. NONrenewable Resources • Resources that cannot be replaced once they are used • Name a few resources that you think are considered nonrenewable…

10. Coal

11. Oil

12. Minerals

13. C. Formation of Ores • Ores:Deposits of metals and non-metals that can be removed (mined) from the crust profitably. • Can you think of some examples?

14. pyrite magnetite hematite galena graphite sulfur gold silver copper zinc nickel lead platinum Examples of ORES:

15. II. Fossil Fuels • organic in origin (formed from living things) • nonrenewable • may cause pollution • relatively cheap • easy to use • What fossil fuels do you know of?

16. Examples of Fossil Fuels: • coal • petroleum • natural gas • the main sources of energy for transportation, farming, and industry…

17. A. Coal

18. Peat: brownish partially decomposed plant remains Lignite: water and gases squeezed out into a denser material (brown coal)

19. Bituminous Coal: formed as a result of pressure of more deposited sediment above (soft coal) Anthracite: produced by extremely high temperatures and pressure; the hardest of all coals

21. Is anthracite most like an igneous, sedimentary, or metamorphic rock? WHY?

22. Bituminous coal and anthracite consist of 80-90% Carbon, and produce a great amount of heat when they burn

24. coal

25. B. Petroleum and Natural Gas

26. Petroleum and natural gas are mixtures of hydrocarbons Hydrocarbons formed from microorganisms that lived in oceans or lakes millions of years ago Petroleum = oil = liquid hydrocarbons Natural gas = hydrocarbons in gaseous form

27. Crude Oil: unrefined petroleum

28. Petrochemical: chemicals derived from petroleum synthetic fabrics medicines tars waxes synthetic rubber insecticides chemical fertilizers detergents shampoos

29. A. Solar Energy III. Alternative Energy

30. 1. Passive Systems • greenhouses or home windows • no working parts

31. solar collectors: glass boxes with tubes that circulate water sun heats the water as it moves through the tubes 2. Active Systems

33. B. Geothermal Energy • Energy from the heat of the Earth’s interior

34. Where water flows through rock heated by magma Hot water (steam) results Creates source for huge supply of energy 80% of homes in Iceland are heated geothermally

35. Generally used in areas of volcanic activity…

36. C. Water and Wind Energy 1.Hydroelectric Energy: Energy made by moving water

37. 11% of U.S. electricity is hydroelectric

38. 2. energy from tides 3. energy from wind

39. D. Nuclear Energy • Nuclear Fission: a heavy nucleus divides, releasing large amounts of energy. • Advantage: • Does not produce carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases • Disadvantages: • High operating costs • Concerns about radioactive wastes • Nuclear accidents

40. Nuclear Fusion: multiple atoms join together to form a heavier nucleus • The energy source of the future • Process that provides the sun and stars with energy to shine • Has been used to produce nuclear bombs • Not yet successfully controlled

41. E. Biomass • Fuels derived from living things: • wood • field crops • fecal material

42. IV. Virginia’s Rock & Mineral Resources • Coal energy • Gravel and crushed stone  road construction • Limestone  making concrete