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  1. Reader: View the following videos in “Slide Show” mode. Select “Slide Show” tab at the top of the screen. Then select “From Beginning”. There are videos and animations in this presentation. It is designed to be viewed in slideshow mode using the arrow keys to advance through the slides. ACCOMMODATIVE MOVEMENTS OF THE VITREOUS MEMBRANE, CHOROID, AND SCLERA IN YOUNG AND PRESBYOPIC HUMAN AND NONHUMAN PRIMATE EYES MARY ANN CROFT, T. MICHAEL NORK, JARED P. MCDONALD, ALEXANDER KATZ, ELKE LÜTJEN-DRECOLL, AND PAUL L. KAUFMAN

  2. Press down arrow key on your keyboard to play video cornea vitreous zonule lens equator vitreous membrane stimulus indicator anterior hyaloid Video Clip #1. When the stimulus indicator (CH. 00) on the lower left of the screen turns from 00 to 11 the stimulus to the Edinger-Westphal nucleus is turned on and accommodation is induced for ~2.2 seconds. Note how the anterior hyaloid bows backward during accommodation.

  3. Press down arrow key on your keyboard to play video cornea CM vitreous zonule lens equator anterior hyaloid stimulus indicator Video Clip #2. When the stimulus indicator (CH. 00) on the lower left of the screen turns from 00 to 11 the stimulus to the Edinger-Westphal nucleus is turned on and accommodation is induced for ~2.2 seconds. Note how the anterior hyaloid bows backward during accommodation, and how the Triesence particles in the anterior chamber angle flow around the lens equator toward vitreous compartment. CM=ciliary muscle.

  4. Press down arrow key on your keyboard to play video cornea anterior lens surface posterior lens surface anterior hyaloid stimulus indicator Video Clip #3. When the stimulus indicator (CH. 00) on the lower left of the screen turns from 00 to 11 the stimulus to the Edinger-Westphal nucleus is turned on and accommodation is induced for ~2.2 seconds. Note how the anterior hyaloid bows backward during accommodation in parallel with accommodative lens thickening.

  5. Press down arrow key on your keyboard to play video pars plana pars plicata anterior hyaloid lens zonule Video Clip #4. Endoscopy in a 19-year-old rhesus monkey eye showing backward movement of the anterior hyaloid membrane during accommodation. Note anterior hyaloid configuration bowing toward the lens and pars plicata in the resting state, whereas in the accommodated state the anterior hyaloid bows in a posterior direction.

  6. Press down arrow key on your keyboard to play video vitreous zonule insertion zone Triesence particles suspended in the vitreous Video Clip #5. When the stimulus indicator (CH. 00) on the lower left of the screen turns from 00 to 11 the stimulus to the Edinger-Westphal nucleus is turned on and accommodation is induced for ~2.2 seconds. Triesence particles suspended in the vitreous compartment are seen to move forward along with the vitreous zonule during accommodation.

  7. Press down arrow key on your keyboard to play video Monkey Young (age 8) Older (age 25) vitreous zonule vitreous zonule lens equator vitreous membrane anterior hyaloid anterior hyaloid Video Clip #6. Ultrasound biomicroscopy images taken in two rhesus monkeys aged 8 (left panel) and 25 (right panel) years. The width of the cleft between the anterior hyaloid and the pars plicata region is reduced with age. During accommodation, the anterior hyaloid curves posteriorly, and the width of the cleft increases. The portion of the vitreous membrane that is adjacent to and interconnected with the vitreous zonule [Lütjen-Drecoll et al. 2010]18is also pulled forward with the vitreous zonule, in parallel with the curvature of the eye as the muscle contracts during accommodation.

  8. Press down arrow key on your keyboard to play video cornea CM lens equator CPs vitreous zonule choroid/retina Video Clip #7. The choroid/retina moves forward during accommodation. CM=ciliary muscle. CPs=ciliary processes.

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