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‘Photosynthesis’ by Ursula Freer

Biological Productivity. Michael Behrenfeld. ‘Photosynthesis’ by Ursula Freer. Characterize ‘Conversion’ Detect Change Forecast Variability ‘Ecosystem’. Atmosphere – Biosphere - Solid Earth Interactions. Total  100 Pg C y -1 Equally distributed Varied fate, pool lifetime

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‘Photosynthesis’ by Ursula Freer

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  1. Biological Productivity Michael Behrenfeld ‘Photosynthesis’ by Ursula Freer

  2. Characterize ‘Conversion’ Detect Change Forecast Variability ‘Ecosystem’

  3. Atmosphere – Biosphere - Solid Earth Interactions Total 100 Pg C y-1 Equally distributed Varied fate, pool lifetime 85% ocean NPP rapidly respired 15% transported to abyss < 0.5% make it to sediments Separation of photosynthesis and respiration/degradation

  4. Temperature National Centers for Environmental Prediction NDVI AVHRR, SeaWiFS, MODIS PAR ISCCP Soil Moisture NCEP Precipitation Remote Sensing (future) NPP = Biomass  Light  Conversion Efficiency NPP = NDVI  PAR  { *  g(T0)  h(W) }

  5. 1992-1999 1982-1999 NOAA 14 AVHRR MODIS NOAA 11 AVHRR NOAA 9 AVHRR SPOT NOAA 7 AVHRR 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 SeaWiFS Decadal trends in Terrestrial vegetation

  6. k490 Surface Chlorophyll PAR SST NPP = Chlsat  Zeu f (PAR)   NPP = Biomass  Light  Conversion Efficiency

  7. Ocean Productivity Estimates from 1919 to 2001 Date Author NPP (Pg y-1) Method 1919 Schroeder 22 speculation 1934 Zernov 60 not available 1937 Noddack & Komor 29 one production measurement 1944 Riley 126 O2 method (long incubation) 1950 Skopintsev 50 based on sediments 1952 Steemann Nielsen 20 few 14C measurements 1957 Laevastu 20 FAO production data (O2, 14C, etc) 1958 Fogg 32 FAO production data (O2, 14C, etc) 1968 Koblentz-Mishke et al. 23 Synthesis of many 14C stations 1969 Bogorov 25 Synthesis of many 14C stations 1969 Ryther 20 14C & spatial model 1975 Platt & Subba Rao 31 new 14C synthesis 1985 Shushkina 56 new 14C & biomass data 1987 Martin et al. 51 revision of Koblentz-Mishke et al. 1989 Berger et al. 27 new 1C synthesis 1995 Longhurst 45-50 CZCS data & 14C calibration 1996 Antoine et al. 47 CZCS data & 14C calibration 1997 Behrenfeld et al. 44 CZCS data & 14C calibration 1998 Field et al. 48 CZCS data & 14C calibration 2001 Behrenfeld et al. 54 - 59 SeaWiFS data & 14C calibration 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 NPP MODIS NO DATA CZCS SeaWiFS

  8. Quantifying the Earth System…. Basin Global Spatial Atlantic Model 1 Total NPP (Pg C/month) NPP (Pg C/month) Indian NPP (Pg C/month) Model 2 Divergence Mediterranean NPP (Pg C/month) 0 25 50 75 100 NPP (gC m-2 month-1) Year

  9. National Science Foundation International Programs Conversion Efficiency Light Conversion Efficiency Light

  10. National Science Foundation International Programs Trebon, Czech Republic

  11. National Science Foundation International Programs Type I Light Conversion Efficiency Type II Light

  12. National Science Foundation International Programs 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + light C6H12O6 +12 O2 10 6 H2O + 6 NADP+ + 9 ADP + 9 Pi + light 6 O2 + 6 NADPH + 9 ATP 6 CO2 + 9 ATP + 6 NADPH C6H12O6 + 6 NADP+ + 9 ADP + 9 Pi 20 3 O2 + 6 NADPH + 15 ADP + 15 Pi 6 NADP+ + 6 H2O + 15 ATP 1 NO3 + 5 NADPH + 1 ATP + 1 -ketogluterate 5 NADP+ + 1 ADP + 1 Pi + 1 -amino acid

  13. Forecasting Variability….

  14. 35o pc 25o 15o Longitude 5o 35o 25o 5o 15o 15o 5o 25o 5o 15o 25o 120o E 160o E 160o W 120o W 80o W National Science Foundation

  15. 5oN-8oN 2oN-4oN 8oN 4oN Primary Production (gC/month/bin x 107 ) 1oN 1oN-1oS 1oS 4oS 8oS 140oW 125oW 2oS-4oS TOTAL 8oN-8oS Department of Energy Ecosystem Model = Conversion Model = Primary Production (gC/month x 107 ) 5oS-8oS Ecosystem Model Conversion Model Date Date A new interdisciplinary study to test model performance….

  16. Central Points… 1) Productivity is a key index of ecosystem function and health 2) NASA’s unique perspectives support qualitative and quantitative characterization and detection of change. 3) Detection and prediction are vastly different problems, but they share a variety of requirements for process understanding 4) Cooperative NSF – NASA research is leading to breakthroughs in our fundamental understanding of Earth-system functioning If collected from a ship, assuming a cruising speed of 10 knots and a sampling time of 1 hour per station, the same number of chlorophyll values would require 11 years to collect.

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