1 / 25

HUMAN ANATOMY

HUMAN ANATOMY. Dr. Sarwar Hossain Khan. THORAX . HUMAN BODY 1.Head & neck 2.Upper extremity 3.Thorax 4.Abdomen 5.Lower extremity. Thorax. -upper part of the trunk -supported by a skeletal framework (thoracic cage) -contains the lungs & heart. Thoracic cage /skeleton of thorax.

rossa
Download Presentation

HUMAN ANATOMY

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. HUMAN ANATOMY Dr. Sarwar Hossain Khan

  2. THORAX • HUMAN BODY 1.Head & neck 2.Upper extremity 3.Thorax 4.Abdomen 5.Lower extremity

  3. Thorax -upper part of the trunk -supported by a skeletal framework (thoracic cage) -contains the lungs & heart

  4. Thoracic cage /skeleton of thorax -an osseo-cartilaginous, elastic & conical cavity -the upper opening /inlet is narrower than the outlet -flattened antero-posteriorly BOUNDARIES Ant.- Sternum Post.- Bodies of 12 thoracic vertebrae with their intervertebral disc Side - 12 ribs with their cartilages SHAPE – Conical

  5. Difference bet. Adult & infant thoracic cage In transverse section: Adult-kidney/oval/bean shaped( transverse diameter >ant. Post. Diameter) Infant(<2yrs)-circular In ribs placement: Adult -obliquely placed -so their movement help in respiration alternatively up & down - this present the thoracic-abdomen respiration in adult Infant – ribs are horizontally placed - respiration movement is abdominal

  6. APPLIED ANATOMY 1.Fractures of ribs are rare in child , the chest wall is highly elastic in children. 2.In adults it usually occurs at the weak point of ribs (angle of ribs) 3.The upper 2 ribs & the lower 2 ribs are rarely injured

  7. INLET OF THORAX Def.-the narrow upper end of thorax which is continous with the neck is called the inlet of thorax Shape :- reniform in shape -ant.post diameter -5cm -transverse diameter – 10cm -slopes downwards & forwards -sternal end of 1st rib lies about 3-4cm lower than the vertebrae end

  8. BOUDARIES Front –upper border of manubrium Behind- superior surface of the body of T1 Sides-1st ribs with its cartilage

  9. Partition of inlet/ Sibson’s fascia -placed bet.the neck & thorax -partly seperates them so incomplete -has two halves –rt. & Lt. -triangular in shape -apex is attached to the tip of the transverse process of C7 vertebrae -base to the inner border of 1st rib & its cartilage -it is also called Sibson’s fascia or suprapleural membrane

  10. ImportanceIt provides rigidity to the thoracic inletThe root of the neck cannot be puffed of & down during respiration Structures passing through inlet Viscera-1.trachea 2.oesophagus 3.apices of lungs with pleura Vessels-1.brachiocephalic artery (rt.) 2.left common carotid artery 3.left subclavian artery 4.rt. & Lt. brachiocephalic veins 5.rt. & Lt. internal thoracic artery

  11. Muscles- 1.sternothyroid 2.sternohyoid Nerves-1.rt. & Lt. phrenic nerve 2.rt. & Lt. vagus nerve 3.rt. & Lt. sympathetic nerve 4.rt. & Lt. first thoracic nerve

  12. OUTLET OF THORAX Def.-the broad lower end of thorax which is continuous with the abdominal cavity is called the outlet of thorax BOUNDARIES : In front-by the xiphoid process & 7-10th costal cartilage forming an intrasternal angle Behind-inf.surface of body of T12 Sides-11th & 12th ribs

  13. Partition of outlet/ diaphragm -complete ( covers whole the circumference) -separates thorax from abdomen -it is musculotendinous -called the diaphragm

  14. Structures passing through the outletMajor openings in diaphragm: 1.Venacaval opening -lies opposite to disc bet. T8 & T9 vertebrae -transmits: IVC & few branch of rt. phrenic nerve 2.Oesophageal opening -lies at the level of T10 vertebrae -transmits: oesophagus,rt.& Lt. vagus nerve,Lt. gastric artery, Lt.gastric vein 3.Aortic opening -lies behind the diaphragm at the level of lower border of T12 -transmits: aorta,thoracic duct

  15. Minor openings 1.Foramen of Morgan’s/Larry’s space -sup. epigastric vein 2.Greater & lesser splenic nerve 3.Sympathetic chain 4.Subcostal nerve & vessels 5.Musculophrenic nerve

  16. WALLS OF THE THORAX Coverings(outwards to inwards): 1.Skin 2.Superficial fascia 3.Deep fascia 4.Muscles 5.Ribs & intercostal spaces 6.Endothoracic fascia 7.Parietal pleura INTERCOSTAL SPACES: -the spaces bet.the ribs -11 in no.on eachside -last 2 spaces are open in front

  17. BOUNDARIES ABOVE- -sharp lower margin of upper rib & its cartilage BELOW- -blunt upper margin of lower rib & its cartilage IN FRONT- -lateral border of sternum BEHIND- -body of corresponding thoracic vertebrae CONTENTS: 1.Muscles 2.Blood vessels 3.Nerves

  18. INTERCOSTAL MUSCLES-3 in no.-from outward to inward1.external intercostal muscle2.internal intercostal muscle3.transverse thoracic 1.EXT.INTERCOSTAL MUSCLE -forms most superficial layer Extension:-extends forward from the rib tubercle behind to the costochondral junction in front then through an aponeuorosis upto the sternum ATTACHMENT Origin-lower border of upper rib Insertion-upper border of lower rib DIRECTION -fibres are directed downwards & forwards

  19. 2.INT.INTERCOSTAL MUSCLE-forms the middle layer of muscles Extension:-extends backward from the sternum in front to the post.angle of ribs behind then by an aponunosis upto the vertebrae ATTACHMENT Origin-costal groove of upper rib Insertion-upper border of lower rib DIRECTION Downwards & backwards 3.TRANSVERSUS THORACIC -forms depest layer -direction is same to int.intercostal muscle -has 3 portion: subcostalis,intercostal intimi,sternocostalis

  20. NEUROVASCULAR BUNDLE Intercostal nerves & vessels run bet.the middle & innermost layer of muscles -they are arranged in above downwards: 1.Intercostal vein(v) 2.Intercostal artery(a) 3.Intercostal nerves(n) -lies in the costal groove FUNCTION OF MUSCLES: 1.ext.intercostal muscle-help in inspiration 2.int.intercostal muscle-help in expiration 3.Prevent blowing out or sucking in of the intercostal spaces as well as the tissues with change in internal thoracic process of respiration

  21. INTERCOSTAL VESSELS ARTERIES: Each intercostal space contains – One post.intercostal artery Two ant.intercostal arteries POST.INTERCOSTAL ARTERY: -one in each spece -11 in no. on each side -1st & 2nd arteries are branches of sup.intercostal artery-subclavian artery -3rd to 11th are branches of descending thoracic aorta

  22. Ant.intercostal arteries: -2 in each space -10th & 11th spaces do not have -upper 6 spaces are branches of internal thoracic artery -lower spaces are branches of musculophrenic artery -ant.& post.intercostal arteries meet each other at costochondral juction

  23. VEINS-correspond to the arteries ANT.INTERCOSTAL VEINS: -2 in eacs space -1st -6th drain into internal thoracic vein -7th – 9th drain into musculophrenic vein POST.INTERCOSTAL VEIN: -1 in each spce -on right side drain into azygous vein -on left side drain into – 1st to 4th :lt.brachiocephalic vein 5th to 11th :hemiazygous vein :

  24. INTERCOSTAL NERVES-11 in no.on each side-each is the ant.rami of the first 11 thoracic nerves APPLIED ANATOMY INTERCOSTAL NEURAGLIA: -sharp burning pain in the area supplied by intercostal nerves e.g.rib & herpes zoster

  25. Thank you

More Related