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Unit 13 Imperialism & WW I

Unit 13 Imperialism & WW I. Chapter 24 section 1. Indirect and Direct Rule. Imperialism: Defn ?

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Unit 13 Imperialism & WW I

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  1. Unit 13Imperialism & WW I Chapter 24 section 1

  2. Indirect and Direct Rule • Imperialism: Defn? • the policy, practice, or advocacy of extending the power and dominion of a nation by direct territorial acquisitions or by gaining indirect control over the political or economic life of other areas; broadly: the extension or imposition of power, authority, or influence • Indirect Rule • Local rulers allowed to maintain authority • Educate next generation in GB (“Westernized” them) • Cost less and convenient • Protectorate (Cuba) Spheres of Influence • Direct Rule • Local rulers were removed from power and replaced with officials from the mother country • Impact the indigenous people, took away their rights

  3. Motivations/goals/rationales • Political and strategic • Humanitarian / Religious • Ethnocentrism • “White Mans Burden” • Social Darwinism • Only the strongest survive • Economic

  4. Economic I.R. needs – natural resources, rubber and petroleum etc… New markets Bankers – investments abroad

  5. Political/Military competition World-wide naval bases for logistical reasons Halt expansion of other countries (development of rivalries) Development of “prestige”

  6. Religious/Humanitarian Duty to “Christianize” (“White Mans Burden”) Spread “blessings” of Western civilization – medicine, law, religion Increased movement of missionaries to colonial sites

  7. White Man’s Burden • Inherently racist school of thought that correlates to Darwin. • People can’t take care of themselves, so we must educate them on Western ideals, concepts, religions, etc. • Paternalism • Made conquered feel less than human, whites feel they were doing something worthwhile, not just exploiting a country. • “France must keep its role as the soldier of civilization” –French statesman

  8. Social Darwinism Survival of the fittest Argued Europeans were superior to all others European imperialism “improved” human species across the globe

  9. Congolese children and wives whose fathers failed to meet rubber collection quotas were often punished by having their hands cut off.

  10. Chapter 24 section 2 The Partition of Africa

  11. Pre-Euro. Africa • Thousands of languages, tribes and cultures • Europeans relegated to coastlines (trade) • What kept Europeans out? • Geography • Trade networks by Africans • Malaria • Powerful African armies

  12. European Contact increases • Explorers and missionaries advance into Africa in the 2nd half of the 19thCentury • Dr. David Livingstone: Scottish missionary /explorer (30 years in Africa) • Henry Stanley: found Livingstone after he was missing for 6 years, hired by Leopold II to explore the Congo basin • Set off scramble for Africa

  13. The Scramble • The Boer War S. Africa (1899-1902) • British want all of South Africa, Dutch settlers won’t be ruled by Britain (Why? ) • King Leopold II of Belgium (Congo) • Berlin Conference1884 • In order to claim land in Africa Europeans had to set up a government office there (Berlin?) • 20 years later all partitioned except Liberia and Ethiopia

  14. Forces working againstAfricans • Variety of cultures / failed to unite • Rivalries • Technology disadvantage • Maxim gun

  15. Ch 24 section 4 The British in India

  16. British Control of India • Early 1600’s Great Britain gained trading rights in India (British East India Company) • As Mughal Rulers declined British gained more power • SepoysNative soldiers hired to protect the companies interests • British East India Company becomes more involved in Indian politics, society and military affairs (many offenses to Indian culture) • Sati: Women join husbands in death (Caste System) • Sepoy Rebellion (1857) • Cause; bullets greased with cow and pig fat • Sepoys refused to use bullets, revolted (kill Brits) • Br. troops suppress the rebellion (slaughtered unarmed Indians)

  17. The British Raj • The British change policy in India as a Reaction to Sepoy rebellion • Viceroy • British government ruled India directly through a official called a Viceroy • Representative of the monarch • British officials hold highest positions in government • Reactions to British rule • Indian National Congress 1885 • Desire for self rule • Ram Mohun Ray • Felt India could benefit from Western contact • Mostly followed by upper class Indians • Attempted to reform aspects of Indian culture

  18. Mohandas Gandhi Nationalism Gandhi Born 1869 in western India; educated as a lawyer Practiced in South Africa representing Indian workers Returned to India to led fight for independence Non-violent protest

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