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A User’s Primer

version 1.0. A User’s Primer. © Tapanila, 2006. The Database. J. John Sepkoski Jr. (University of Chicago) Database of ~36,000 genera Lists taxonomy and stratigraphic ranges Marine animals only Limitations: Few soft-bodied animals No plants, algae, fungi, bacteria

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A User’s Primer

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  1. version 1.0 A User’s Primer © Tapanila, 2006

  2. The Database • J. John Sepkoski Jr. (University of Chicago) • Database of ~36,000 genera • Lists taxonomy and stratigraphic ranges • Marine animals only • Limitations: • Few soft-bodied animals • No plants, algae, fungi, bacteria • No terrestrial animals • Used for recognizing evolutionary patterns

  3. Paleography Stratigraphic Ranges First Appearance Datum FAD Origination

  4. Paleography Stratigraphic Ranges Extinction LAD Last Appearance Datum Range First Appearance Datum FAD Origination

  5. Paleography What was Triassic diversity?

  6. Paleography What was Triassic diversity? Diversity = 5 genera

  7. Paleography How many Triassic originations?

  8. Paleography How many Triassic originations? Originations = 2 genera

  9. Paleography How many Triassic extinctions?

  10. Paleography How many Triassic extinctions? Extinctions = 1 genus

  11. Paleography Relative and Absolute time • Period Cretaceous 145.5 – 65.5 Ma • Epoch Late Cretaceous 99.6 – 65.5 Ma • Age Maastrichtian 70.6 – 65.5 Ma Relative Time Interval Absolute Time Interval Example

  12. What this program does… • For any marine group... • Graph its stratigraphic range • Graph diversity through time • Graph originations through time • Graph extinctions through time

  13. Paleography Stratigraphic Ranges

  14. Paleography Diversity • FossilPlot calculates standing diversity as… • the total number of genera that occur within a particular time interval Triassic through Recent bryozoans

  15. Paleography Originations • FossilPlot calculates originations as… • the total number of genera that first appear during a particular time interval, i.e. by counting FADs Triassic through Recent bryozoans

  16. Paleography Extinctions • FossilPlot calculates extinctions as… • the total number of genera that last appear during a particular time interval, i.e. by counting LADs Triassic through Recent bryozoans

  17. Speciation Sample 1: Plot the Bryozoans

  18. Speciation Get your data Select and copy group from Compendium

  19. Speciation Transfer the data A8 Copy/Paste group in &Data at Cell A8

  20. Speciation Remove pre-existing data Remove any extra unwanted genera at the end of your list by…

  21. Speciation Remove pre-existing data Highlighting the unwanted genera and…

  22. Speciation Remove pre-existing data Press the Delete key on the keyboard. Do not use the Edit/Delete function!

  23. Speciation Look at the Range chart Compendium taxa are arranged alpha-betically. Get a better display by…

  24. Speciation Organize your data: before Sorting your taxa: Use Data/Sort to organize your list stratigraphically

  25. Speciation Organize your data: after

  26. Speciation Organize your data: after

  27. Speciation Other graphs made by &Data

  28. Speciation Other graphs made by &Data

  29. Speciation Other graphs made by &Data

  30. Speciation Other graphs made by &Data

  31. Speciation Other graphs made by &Data

  32. Speciation Transfer your data to &Age A8 Copy/Paste group in &Age at Cell A8

  33. Speciation Standing diversity by Age See AbsDates for Age abbreviations

  34. Speciation Transfer your data to &O-S MX A8 Copy/Paste group in &O-S MX at Cell A8. Repeat process for &P-T MX and &K-T MX

  35. Speciation Extinction Get 2 Ma intervals… &O-S MX, &P-T MX and &K-T MX measure 2 million year intervals across mass extinction events

  36. Speciation The 3 Big mass extinctions Blue line shows diversity at 2Ma interval, gray line shows Epoch intervals

  37. Speciation The 3 Big mass extinctions Blue line shows diversity at 2Ma interval; light gray shows Age intervals; dark gray line shows Epoch intervals

  38. Speciation Extinction Sample 2: Plot the Tabulates Copy group from Compendium and Paste in Cell A8 of &Data.

  39. Speciation Remove unwanted taxa Tabulates include fewer taxa than the bryozoans, so you need to highlight the remaining bryozoans & hit the delete key

  40. Speciation Range chart squeezed to left This common problem can be fixed by changing the source data: follow these steps…

  41. Speciation Fixing the range chart With the mouse over the colorful back-ground, click right mouse button and select Source Data

  42. Speciation Fixing the range chart You will see that Columns E, H, N & O are highlighted…

  43. Speciation Fixing the range chart But these highlights extend beyond your data. This is causing the left squeeze in the range chart

  44. Speciation Fixing the range chart Fix problem by highlighting columns E, H, N & O so that only rows containing data are included. To highlight multiple columns, you will need to hold the Ctrl key while dragging the mouse

  45. Speciation Fixing the range chart First click on the Source Data icon (circled here in red). Next highlight column E down to the last entry. Scroll back to the top of the page. Press and hold the Ctrl key. Now highlight column H. Repeat for columns N and O (they can be highlighted together).

  46. Speciation Fixing the range chart Once all four columns are highlighted, let go of the Ctrl key. Click the Source Data square (circled here in red).

  47. Speciation Fixing the range chart Select OK

  48. Speciation Fixing the range chart Now the tabulate data stretches across the graph area.

  49. Speciation Fixing the range chart Sort your taxa: Use Data/Sort to organize your list stratigraphically

  50. Speciation Fixing the range chart

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