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MUSSOLINI AS RULER

MUSSOLINI AS RULER. START OF RULE. WANTED TOTAL CONTROL GIVEN POWER TO RULE BY DECREE FOR 1 YEAR GOT ACERBO LAW PASSED 1923 FASCIST PARTY #1 IN 1924 ELECTION SOCIALIST POLITICIAN MATTEOTTI CHALLENGED FASCISTS MATTEOTTI MURDERED – LED TO OUTCRY SOCIALIST MP’s LEFT PARLIAMENT

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MUSSOLINI AS RULER

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  1. MUSSOLINI AS RULER

  2. START OF RULE • WANTED TOTAL CONTROL • GIVEN POWER TO RULE BY DECREE FOR 1 YEAR • GOT ACERBO LAW PASSED 1923 • FASCIST PARTY #1 IN 1924 ELECTION • SOCIALIST POLITICIAN MATTEOTTI CHALLENGED FASCISTS • MATTEOTTI MURDERED – LED TO OUTCRY • SOCIALIST MP’s LEFT PARLIAMENT • NO REAL OPPOSITION • KING REFUSED TO CENSURE MUSSOLINI

  3. CONTROL • FASCIST PARTY IN TOTAL CONTROL • GRAND COUNCIL OF FASCISM FORMED • BLACKSHIRTS BECAME STATE MILITIA • NEW SECRET POLICE FORMED • SPECIAL COURTS CREATED • CONCENTRATION CAMPS OPENED UP • RULE BY DECREE BECAME PERMANENT

  4. PROPAGANDA • USE OF PROPAGANDA BECAME IMPORTANT • MUSSOLINI CALLED IL DUCE • IMAGE OF MUSSOLINI EVERYWHERE • DEPICTED AS THE NEW CAESAR • PROPAGANDA WIDELY USED IN SCHOOLS • EDUCATION USED BY FASCIST REGIME • CHILDREN UNDER FASCIST CONTROL • VERY STRICT CENSORSHIP INTRODUCED

  5. CATHOLIC CHURCH • REALISED CRUCIAL ROLE OF CATHOLIC CHURCH • STRICT CENSORSHIP INTRODUCED • ABORTION DECLARED A CRIME • RE ALLOWED IN PRIMARY SCHOOLS • MUSSOLINI HAD A CHURCH WEDDING • POPE SAW MUSSOLINI AS OPPONENT OF COMMUNISM • LATERAN TREATY SIGNED WITH POPE • BROUGHT HUGE POPULARITY TO FASCIST REGIME

  6. ECONOMY • BRILLIANT FINANCE MINISTER – DE STEFANI • HELPED REBUILD ITALIAN ECONOMY 1920’s • MUSSOLINI WANTED SELF-SUFFICIENCY FOR ITALY • GRAIN PRODUCTION DOUBLED • HUGE PUBLIC WORKS SCHEMES BEGAN • HUGE AMOUNT LAND RECLAIMED • NEW RAILROADS AND MOTORWAYS • EARLY MARRIAGE ENCOURAGED • TAX BREAKS FOR LARGE FAMILIES • EXTRA TAXES TO BE PAID BY BACHELORS

  7. CORPORATE STATE • FASCIST WANTED END TO EMPLOYER-WORKER STRUGGLES • WANTED STABLE ECONOMY • TRADE UNIONS BANNED AND STRIKES FORBIDDEN • EVERY INDUSTRY HAD OWN CORPORATION • ALL PROBLEMS HAD TO BE SOLVED BY NEGOTIATION • NOT A HUGE SUCCESS FOR WORKERS • FASCISTS HAD REAL POWER AND CONTROL

  8. FOREIGN POLICY AIMS • MAKE ITALY GREAT, FEARED AND RESPECTED • WANTED TO RESTORE NATIONAL PRIDE • WANTED TO GAIN INTERNATIONAL RESPECT FOR ITALY • WANTED TO DEVELOP A COLONIAL EMPIRE

  9. RELATIONS WITH HITLER • DISLIKED EACH OTHER AT FIRST • FORMED ROME-BERLIN AXIS AFTER INVASION OF ABYSSINIA • BOTH HITLER AND MUSSOLINI HELPED FRANCO DURING SPANISH CIVIL WAR • SIGNED PACT OF STEEL WITH HITLER IN 1939 • WWII BEGAN ALSO IN 1939

  10. WWII • ITALY JOINED WAR IN 1940 • ITALIAN ARMY FOUGHT ALLIES IN NORTH AFRICA AND GREECE • ITALIAN ARMY PERFOMED VERY BADLY • ALLIES LANDED IN ITALY IN 1943 • MUSSOLINI SACKED AND UNDER ARREST • RESCUED BY GERMANS AND MADE HEAD OF NORTH ITALY PUPPET GOVERNMENT

  11. END • ALLIED ARMY ADVANCED INTO NORTHERN ITALY • MUSSOLINI TRIED TO FLEE IN DISGUISE • RECOGNISED AND CAPTURED • EXECUTED BY COMMUNIST PARTISANS

  12. Assessment of place in history

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