1 / 54

Psychology

Psychology. 8/21/13. Social Media. Debate Review Article Discussion. Article Review. Cover Page Running Head: TITLE OF YOUR PAPER/SUMMARY Page # Title Author’s Name Institution. Summary. One page summarizing the article Must properly reference sources Last paragraph may add opinion.

Download Presentation

Psychology

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. Psychology 8/21/13

  2. Social Media • Debate Review • Article Discussion

  3. Article Review • Cover Page • Running Head: TITLE OF YOUR PAPER/SUMMARY Page # • Title • Author’s Name • Institution

  4. Summary • One page summarizing the article • Must properly reference sources • Last paragraph may add opinion

  5. Personality Test • http://www.humanmetrics.com/cgi-win/JTypes2.asp • Career Path • What type of personalities you work well with • What type of personality you are

  6. Developing through a Lifetime.. 8/22/13

  7. NEW WEBSITE! http://missmackley.wordpress.com/

  8. Developing through a lifetime.. • Developmental Psychology • How people are continually developing – physically, cognitively, and socially – from infancy to geriatrics. • Physical, Cognitive, and Social changes through a lifetime

  9. Centers of Research • Nature vs. Nurture : • How do genetic inheritance (nature) and experiences (nurture) influence our development?

  10. Centers of Research • Continuity vs. Stages : • Is Development a gradual, continuous process like riding an escalator, or does it proceed through a sequence of separate stages, like climbing rungs on a ladder?

  11. Centers of Research • Stability vs. Change : • Do our early personality traits persist through life, or do we become different persons as we age?

  12. Life before Birth • Conception: • Woman’s Ovary releases mature egg • 200 million + Sperm swim towards egg • 1 sperm is welcomed by the egg • Less than 24 hours and the sperm nucleus and egg nucleus fuse and become one nucleus.

  13. Prenatal Development • Zygotes: a fertilized egg. • Cell Division • Differentiate -> Specialize in structure and function • Embryo: 2 weeks through 8 weeks • About day 10, zygote attaches to uterine wall

  14. Prenatal Development • Fetus: 9 weeks into development • Placenta: formed as a zygote, transfers nutrients and oxygen from mother to fetus. • Screens out harmful substances • Teratogens: harmful agents such as viruses and drugs

  15. Prenatal Development • Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) • Alcohol predisposition • Birth Defects • Intellectual and Developmental disabilities • Misproportioned head and brain abnormalities • Depressed CNS

  16. Newborn • Automatically equipped with responses to survival • Withdraw limbs to escape pain • Turn head side to side or swipe away cloth to breath if placed over face • Turn toward touch • Open mouth and rooting for nipple, suckling • Hunger = crying

  17. Newborns • Prefer sights and sounds that facilitate social responses • Turn heads toward human voices • Gaze at faces longer than a pattern • Prefer to look at objects that are 8-12 inches away

  18. Infancy and Childhood • Infancy: The time when a baby grows from a newborn to toddler. • Childhood: The time from toddler to teenager. • Cognitive, brain and mind, develop together

  19. Brain Development • In the Womb, developing brain forms nerve cells at nearly quarter-million per minute. • By birth, have most brain cells • Nervous system is still immature at birth • Branching neural networks begin • Birth • 3 months • 15 months

  20. Brain Development • 3-6 years old = most rapid growth in the frontal lobes • Rational planning • Association Areas (last to develop) • Thinking • Memory • Language

  21. Maturation • Orderly sequence of Biological growth processes. • Set the basic course for development; experience adjusts it. • Genetic growth tendencies are inborn

  22. Motor Development • As the brain develops so will physical coordination. • Muscle and Nervous systems mature = more complicated skills emerge • Roll over before sitting unsupported • Crawl on all fours before they walk

  23. Motor Development • USA Babies walking • 25% by age 11 months • 50% by 1 week after 1st birthday • 90% by age 15 months

  24. Motor Development • Genes play role in motor development • Twins • Development of cerebellum at back of brain creates readiness to learn, experiences prior has limited effect • Potty Training

  25. Memory • Infantile amnesia • Little memory prior to 3.5 years old • Age 4-5, remembered experiences

  26. Cognitive Development • Cognition: all the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing remembering, and communicating. • Some where in your life you become Concious… • Jean Piaget

  27. Piaget’s Theory • Children’s minds develop through a series of stages • Newborn.. Simple reflexes • Adult.. Abstract reasoning power • Schemas: a concept or framework that organizes and interprets information

  28. Piaget’s Theory • Assimilate: interpreting our new experiences in terms of our existing schemas. • Accommodate: adapting our current understandings (schemas) to incorporate new information.

  29. Piaget’s Theory • Proposed 4 stages of cognitive development • Sensorimotor Stage • Preoperational Stage • Concrete Operational Stage • Formal Operation Stage

  30. Sensorimotor Stage • From birth – about 2 years of age. • Infants know the world mostly in terms of their sensory impressions and motor activities. • Looking, hearing, touching, mouthing, and grasping • Lack of object permanence

  31. Preoperational Stage • From age 2 up to ages 6 or 7 • Children learn to use language but do not yet comprehend the mental operations of concrete logic • Lacks concept of conservation • Glass of Milk Demonstration • Theory of mind • People’s ideas about their own and others’ mental states- about their feelings, perception, and thoughts and the behaviors these might predict.

  32. Egocentrism • The preoperational children’s difficulty taking another’s point of view. • Peek-a-boo • 2 year old thinks that they are “invisible”, if they can’t see other people. • Theory of mind • People’s ideas about their own and others’ mental states- about their feelings, perception, and thoughts and the behaviors these might predict.

  33. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M244b2aDcz8

  34. Concrete Operational Stage • Ages 6 or 7 years old to 11 years old • Children gain the mental operationas that enable them to think logically about concrete events. • Fully gain the mental ability to comprehend mathematical transformationtions an conservations

  35. Formal Operational Stage • By age 12 • Begin to think logically about abstract concepts. • If this, then that. • If john is in school, then Mary is in school. John is in school. What can you say about Mary?

  36. Social Development • The brain, mind, and social-emotional behavior develop together • Stranger Anxiety – usually develops around 8 months

  37. Attachment • An emotional tie with another person; shown in young children by their seeking closeness to the caregiver and showing distress on separation

  38. Harlows’ Monkey Experiment • Attachment does not correlate with need for nourishment • Harlows’s monkey experiment • Body Contact • Critical period • Familiarity • Imprinting

  39. Attachment • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_O60TYAIgC4

  40. Basic Trust • A sense that the world is predictable and reliable. • “Out of the conflict between trust and mistrust, the infant develops hope, which is the earliest form of what gradually becomes faith in adults” – Erik Erikson

  41. Parenting Styles • Parenting research focusing on how and to what extent, parenting styles impact their children. • Authoritarian • Permissive • Authoriative

  42. Authoritarian • Parents impose rules and expect obedience: “Don’t interrupt.” “why? .. Because I said so”

  43. Permissive • Parents submit to their children’s desires. They make few demands and use little punishment.

  44. Authoritative • Parents are both demanding and responsive. They exert control by setting rules and enforcing them, but they also explain the reasons for rules. • Esp. in older children, encourage open discussion and allow some exceptions to rules.

  45. Parenting • Too Hard • Too Soft • Just Right • Research supports • Highest self-esteem • Self-reliance • Social competence • Warm, concerning parents

  46. Adolescence • The years spent morphing from child to adult. • Starts with physical beginnings of sexual maturity and ends with the social achievement of independent adult status. • “storm and stress” • Looking back as a time most will not want to relive • Very care free time period

  47. Physical Development • Begins with Puberty • The time when we sexually mature. • Surge of hormones • Primary Sex characteristics • Secondary Sex characteristics • Girls age 11 • Boys age 13

  48. Physical Development • Brain Development • Growth of myelin • Fatty tissue that forms around axons and speeds up neurotransmissions. • Improved judgment, impulse control, and ability to plan long term. • Frontal Lobe Maturation lags the emotional limbic system. • Hormone surge and limbic system development • “heat of the moment”

  49. Cognitive Development • Become capable of thinking about your thinking, and thinking about other peoples thinking, they begin imagining what other people are thing about them. • Cognitive abilities mature, think about what is ideally possible and compare that with the imperfect reality of their society, parents, self.

  50. Reasoning Power • Early teen years, reasoning is self-focused. • “But mom, you really don’t understand!! I am in love!” • Gradually become capable of abstract reasoning • Which stage of Piaget theory? • Reason Hypothetically and Deduced consequences

More Related