Daily Schedule August 14

1. Daily Schedule August 14 • Essential Questions: • What was the Articles of Confederation? • What were the weaknesses? Why were they made to be weak? • Opening: • Turn in Ch. 3 Guided Reading • Tests are NOT graded yet. Sorry!  • Work Session: • Notes – Ch. 3 – The Constitution • Scavenger Hunt • Closing: Turn in Scavenger Hunt

2. Road to the Constitution Ch. 2 and 3

3. House of Burgesses - 1619 • 22 representatives • First legislature in America • Jamestown • Able to raise taxes and make laws • Contributed to the development of a representative government .

4. Mayflower Compact • Ship off course and leaders realized that they were under no jurisdiction • Made everyone on board sign compact • Plymouth colony • 41 signers • “just and equal” laws • Direct democracy

5. Declaration of Independence • Thomas Jefferson did all of the work • Approved July 4, 1776 • Opponents: people said that it did not look at the future interests of the colonists

6. Articles of Confederation • First form of written government • 1781 – 1789 • By 1781 all states had ratified the A of C • Two levels of govt. that share fundamental powers • Unicameral

7. Articles of Confederation • Strengths • enter into treaties • coin and borrow money • declare war

9. Why were the A of C made weak to begin? • Colonists were just under a Monarchy so they purposefully made the Articles weak. Didn’t want a strong government?

10. State Legislature • New Hampshire – 1st state with constitution • Soon all 13 states adopted a constitution • Each state had a legislature, most were bicameral (2 parts) • Governors were elected by citizens or legislature.

11. Daily Schedule August 15 • Essential Questions: • The bundle of compromises consists of what documents? • Opening: • List 5 weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation. • Work Session: • 1. Go over the Scavenger Hunt • 2. Notes – Ch. 3 • 3. Bundle of Compromises • Closing: • Finish drawings

12. Constitutional Convention May 25 – September 17, 1787 Place: Carpenter’s Hall, Philadelphia Purpose: to revise the Articles of Confederation 55 delegates 12 states – all except Rhode Island

13. Constitutional Convention Cont. • Eventually decided to throw out articles and start from scratch • George Washington – chairperson • Ben Franklin – oldest delegate (82) • James Madison – father of the Constitution because he kept detailed records

14. Ratification • 1787 complete – now must get states to ratify • means to approve or accept • ¾ of states must approve • 9/13 states

15. Federalists • Those who support the constitution • Alexander Hamilton • John Jay • James Madison

16. The Federalist Papers • 85 essays written to the people of New York • Convincing them to ratify the Constitution • Written by James Madison and Alexander Hamilton

17. Anti-federalists • those who oppose the constitution • reasons: no bill of rights and govt. too strong without bill of rights • Thomas Jefferson • Patrick Henry

18. Constitution • April 30, 1789 – ratified • George Washington was sworn in as the first President.

19. The Constitution • Six Main Principles

20. Popular Sovereignty • let the people decide how they want to be governed • People have final say - EX: “We the People”

21. Limited Government Government is not all powerful and must operate within certain bounds of the people

22. Separation of Powers • National government is divided up into 3 branches • Executive • President, Vice-President and the Cabinet • Execute or enforce the laws • Legislative – • Congress (Senate and the House) • makes the laws • Judicial • headed by the U.S. Supreme Court and lower Federal Courts • interpret the law and render justice

23. Checks and Balances • the power of each of the 3 branches to place a check on the other 2 branches to prevent abuse of power

24. Federalism • the division of powers between the National Government and the states

25. Judicial Review • the power of the Supreme Court to review cases and declare a law Constitutional or unconstitutional. The first time to use Judicial Review was in the case of Marbury vs. Madison.

26. 3 parts to the Constitution • Preamble • 7 Articles • 27 Amendments • It sets guidelines within which the government must operate • It has changed in the last 50 years • It is open to interpretation • It is the highest form of law in the land

27. Amendments • Question: How has the Constitution endured and kept up with such astounding change and growth over the years? Answer: The document is and is not the same Constitution of 1787. There are built in provisions for accommodating change.

28. Definitions: • Amend – to add or change • Repeal – to do away with • Amendments – changes made to the Constitution

29. Two ways of amending: • Legislative Branch • Formal • Informal

30. Formal Amendment Process • Two methods of proposing and ratifying • Proposing • Proposed by 2/3 vote in each house of Congress • Proposed at a national convention, called by Congress at the request of 2/3 of the State legislatures (34 states)

31. Ratifying - 3. Ratified by State legislatures in ¾ of the States. ( 38 states) 4. Ratified by conventions in ¾ of the States.

32. Informal Amending • Result from the daily experiences of government • 5 ways • Basic legislation • Executive Action • Court Decisions • Party Practices • Customs and Traditions

33. Bill of Rights • First 10 Amendments • First time the basic constitutional rights were set out for the people • Protections from the government

34. Daily Schedule August 21 • Essential Questions: • What are the Bill of Rights? • How many Amendments do we have in the Constitution? • Why is the Constitution considered a living document? • Opening: • Take out Bill of Rights Notes Sheet • Work Session: • Bill of Rights Notes Sheet • Amendment Project Discussion • Closing: Study for Checks and Balances Quiz tomorrow!!!

35. Daily Schedule August 23 • Essential Questions: • What is an Amendment? • How is the Constitution a living document? • Opening: • Take out Notes • Work Session: • Amendments 11-18 review • Amendment Project • Closing: work on projects – DUE THURSDAY!

36. Amendment 11 • Suits Against States • No State may be sued in a federal court by a resident of another State or a foreign country.

37. Amendment 12 • Election of President and Vice President • Each elector casts one ballot for President and Vice President.

38. Amendment 13 • Slavery and Involuntary Servitude • Forbids slavery in the U.S. and owned territories. • Forbids other forms of forced labor as well

39. Amendment 14 • Rights of Citizens • Defines citizenship • Contains 2 major Civil Rights Provisions • Due Process Clause – forbids a state to act in any unfair way • Equal Protection Clause – forbids a state to discriminate against persons

40. Amendment 15 • Right to Vote – Race, Color, Servitude • It forbids the States from discriminating against any person on the grounds (listed above) in the setting of suffrage qualifications

41. Amendment 16 • Federal Income Tax • Congress has the power to levy an income tax, a direct tax.

42. Amendment 17 • Popular Election of Senators • Senators are elected by the voters in each State.

43. Amendment 18 • Prohibition • Outlawed the selling, making, transporting, importing, or exporting of alcoholic beverages in the U.S.

44. Daily Schedule August 26 • Essential Questions: • Opening: • Work Session: • Amendments 19-27 • Amendment Project • Closing:

45. Amendment 19 • Equal Suffrage – Sex • No person can be denied the right to vote in any election in the U.S. on account of his or her sex.

46. Amendment 20 • Commencement of Terms; Sessions of Congress; Death or Disqualification of President-Elect • Pres. and V.P.- Takes office January 20th • Congress - Takes office January 3rd

47. Amendment 21 • Repeal of the 18th Amendment

48. Amendment 22 • Presidential Tenure • No President can serve more than 2 terms, not to exceed 10 years total.

49. Amendment 23 • Presidential Electors for the District of Columbia • D.C. gets 3 electoral votes • (1 House and 2 Senate) = 3 votes

50. Amendment 24 • Right to vote in Federal Elections – Tax Payment • No poll tax