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Thursday April 10

Thursday April 10. Warm Up Questions. What two political parties go to war in China? Why does the Civil War pause in 1937? Who is the leader of the Communists? What movement brought 3,000 angry students into Beijing? How long was the Long March?.

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Thursday April 10

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  1. Thursday April 10

  2. Warm Up Questions • What two political parties go to war in China? • Why does the Civil War pause in 1937? • Who is the leader of the Communists? • What movement brought 3,000 angry students into Beijing? • How long was the Long March?

  3. What two political parties go to war in China? • Nationalists and Communists

  4. Why does the Civil War pause in 1937? • Japan invades Manchuria

  5. Who is the leader of the Communists? • Mao Zedong

  6. What movement brought 3,000 angry students into Beijing? • The May 4th Movement

  7. How long was the Long March? • 6,000 miles; over a year

  8. Communists Take Power in China 17.2

  9. Communists vs Nationalists • Civil war raged in China until 1937 when Japan invaded Manchuria • WW2 in China • Mao Zedong • Communist leader • Guerrilla warfare against the Japanese in the Northeast • By 1945, Communists controlled northern China

  10. Nationalists • Jiang Jieshi • Controlled southwestern China • Protected from Japanese by mountain range • US sent money to help combat Japanese • Money went to corrupt officials • After WW2 • Civil War resumed

  11. Civil War, Part 2 • 1946 to 1949 • Nationalists started with the advantage • Outnumbered Communist army • Didn’t have the popular support • Soldiers deserted to Communists • Had the popular support • Nationalists fled to Taiwan

  12. Two Chinas Taiwan – Nationalist China People’s Republic of China

  13. US aided Jiang Jieshi • Soviets aided Mao Zedong • Alliance between Stalin and Mao • Expansion • Tibet, India, Inner Mongolia • Brutal take over of Tibet • Dalai Lama leader of Tibet • fled to India

  14. Communists Transform China • “Mandate of Heaven” • Established two parallel organizations • The Communist Party and the national government • Mao headed both until 1959

  15. Marxist Socialism 1950 • Mao seized land from landowners • Killed those who resisted • Divided land among the peasants • Forced them to join collective farms • Transformed industry and business • Private companies nationalized • 5 year plan • High production goals for coal, cement, steel and electricity

  16. The Great Leap Forward • 1958 • Large collective farms • “communes” • Peasants worked land together with around 25,000 people • Lived communally • Owned nothing • Only the state profited by labor • Led to a famine in 1961 that killed 20 million

  17. Soviet and Chinese cooperation fade • Mao reduced role in government • Farm families could live in own homes; sell crops on private plots • Factory workers could compete for wages and promotions • Mao didn’t approve; wanted stronger communist control • “learn revolution by making revolution” • High school and college students answered the call • Red Guards

  18. Cultural Revolution • Goal: Establish a society of peasants and workers in which all were equal • Peasants who worked with hands considered new hero • Life of the mind: useless and dangerous • Shut down colleges and schools • Intellectuals had to ‘purify’ themselves by working hard labor • Army ordered to put down Red Guards in 1968

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