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Cellular Respiration Energy Transfer

Cellular Respiration Energy Transfer. Question:. In what kinds organisms does cellular respiration take place?. Plants and Animals. Plants Autotrophs : self-producers. Animals Heterotrophs : consumers. Mitochondria. Cellular Respiration.

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Cellular Respiration Energy Transfer

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  1. Cellular RespirationEnergy Transfer

  2. Question: • In what kinds organisms does cellular respiration take place?

  3. Plants and Animals • Plants • Autotrophs: self-producers. • Animals • Heterotrophs: consumers.

  4. Mitochondria

  5. Cellular Respiration • In our tissue (cells), glucose can be broken down to release energy (ATP) C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP Recall: Photosynthesis 6CO2 + 6H2O  C6H12O6 + 6O2 Reactants of one are products of another

  6. Glycolysis Glycolysis (splitting of sugar) • Glyco = sugar • Lysis = split • Where does it occur? • cytoplasm, outside of mitochondria • What is produced? • 2 ATP (net gain)  Use 2, produce 4 • High energy molecules, • Carbon Compounds

  7. Glycolysis Glucose CCCCCC 2ATP 2ADP Fructose Di-Phosphate P-CCCCCC-P PGAL PGAL P-CCCCCC-P Pyruvic Acid Pyruvic Acid CCC CCC Use 2 Gain 4 NAD+  NADH 4ADP  4ATP

  8. Mitochondrial Matrix 3. Krebs Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle) • Location:mitochondrial matrix. • Purpose: • Acetyl CoA (2C)bonds to Oxalacetic acid (4C - OAA)to make Citrate (6C). • It takes 2 turnsof the krebs cycle to oxidize1 glucosemolecule.

  9. 3. Krebs Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle) • Total net yield(2 turns of krebs cycle) 1.2 - ATP (substrate-level phosphorylation) 2. 6 - NADH 3. 2 - FADH2 4. 4 - CO2

  10. 1 Acetyl CoA (2C) OAA (4C) Citrate (6C) Krebs Cycle 2 CO2 FADH2 (one turn) 3 NAD+ FAD 3 NADH ATP ADP + P 3. Krebs Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle)

  11. Inner Mitochondrial Membrane 4. Electron Transport Chain (ETC) • Location:inner mitochondrial membrane. • Purpose: • Uses ETC (proteins) and ATPSynthase(enzyme) to make ATP. • ETCpumps H+ (protons) across inner membrane (to make ATP

  12. 4. Electron Transport Chain (ETC) • All NADH and FADH2converted to ATP during this stage of cellular respiration. • Each NADH converts to 3 ATP. • Each FADH2 converts to 2 ATP (enters the ETC at a lower level than NADH).

  13. higher H+ concentration Intermembrane Space 1H+ 2H+ 3H+ ATP Synthase H+ Inner Mitochondrial Membrane E T C 2H+ + 1/2O2 ADP + ATP P H2O H+ NADH + H+ NAD+ (Proton Pumping) lower H+ concentration Matrix 4. ETC and Oxidative Phosphorylation (Chemiosmosis for NADH)

  14. Glucose Cytosol Mitochondria Krebs Cycle Glycolysis 2 Acetyl CoA 2 Pyruvate 2NADH 2 ATP (substrate-level phosphorylation) 6NADH 2FADH2 2NADH ETC and Oxidative Phosphorylation 2 ATP (substrate-level phosphorylation) 2ATP 4ATP 6ATP 18ATP 4ATP 2ATP Maximum ATP Yield for Cellular Respiration (Eukaryotes) 36 ATP (maximum per glucose)

  15. Eukaryotes(Have Membranes) • Total ATP Yield 02 ATP - glycolysis(substrate-level phosphorylation) 04 ATP - converted from 2 NADH - glycolysis 06 ATP- converted from 2 NADH - grooming phase 02 ATP - Krebs cycle (substrate-level phosphorylation) 18 ATP- converted from 6NADH - Krebs cycle 04 ATP - converted from 2 FADH2- Krebs cycle 38 ATP - TOTAL

  16. Pyruvic Acid has 2 different uses • Aerobic Respiration With Oxygen • Anaerobic Respiration “An” – Without “Aerobic” – Oxygen

  17. Aerobic Respiration • “aerobic” – in the presence of oxygen • Releases maximum amount of energy from glucose • Waste products: water and CO2 • Removed by the Excretory system

  18. Anaerobic Respiration • “an” – without; “aerobic” – oxygen •  in the absence of oxygen • Releases a minimum amount of energy • Releases toxic waste materials • Lactic acid – cramps, sour milk • Alcohol

  19. Fermentation • Occurs in cytosol when “NO Oxygen”is present (called anaerobic). • Remember: glycolysis is part of fermentation. • Two Types: 1. Alcohol Fermentation 2. Lactic Acid Fermentation

  20. 2ADP + 2 2ATP C C C C CC P 2NADH 2 NAD+ C C C C C Glycolysis 2 Ethanol 2 Pyruvic acid 2CO2 released 2 NAD+ 2NADH glucose Alcohol Fermentation • Plants and Fungi  beer and wine

  21. Alcohol Fermentation • End Products: Alcohol fermentation 2 - ATP (substrate-level phosphorylation) 2 - CO2 2 - Ethanol’s

  22. 2ADP + 2 2ATP C C C C CC P 2NADH 2 NAD+ C C C C C C Glycolysis 2 Lactic acid 2 Pyruvic acid 2 NAD+ 2NADH Glucose Lactic Acid Fermentation • Animals (pain in muscle after a workout).

  23. Lactic Acid Fermentation • End Products: Lactic acid fermentation 2 - ATP (substrate-level phosphorylation) 2 - Lactic Acids

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