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Development of the Envelope Criteria

Development of the Envelope Criteria. Merle McBride, Ph.D., P.E Senior Research Associate Owens Corning ASHRAE Representative At Large Orlando, FL February 7, 2005. Agenda. - Objective - Problem Statement - Background - Approach - Analysis - Results - Conclusions - Recommendations

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Development of the Envelope Criteria

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  1. Development of the Envelope Criteria Merle McBride, Ph.D., P.E Senior Research Associate Owens Corning ASHRAE Representative At Large Orlando, FL February 7, 2005

  2. Agenda - Objective - Problem Statement - Background - Approach - Analysis - Results - Conclusions - Recommendations - Q & A

  3. Objective Develop prescriptive criteria that will result in a 30% energy savings relative to ANSI/ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 90.1-1999.

  4. Problem Statement Include in Analysis: - Envelope - HVAC - O.A. Damper Controls - SWH - Interior Lighting Exclude from Analysis: - Exterior Lighting - Plug Loads (Office Equip. & Appliances)

  5. Background 90.1 Development • LCC Economics • Classes of Construction • Base Energy Usage • Climate Zones • Constructions • Size

  6. Roofs Ins. Above Deck Metal Building Attic and Other Walls, Above Grade Mass Metal Building Steel Framed Wood Framed & Other Floors Mass Steel Joist Wood Framed & Other Walls, Below Grade Slab –On-Grade Unheated Heated Opaque Doors Swinging Non-Swinging Fenestration (U, SHGC) 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50% Skylights (3% max.) Curb, Glass Curb, Plastic No Curb Classes of Construction

  7. 8 Climate Zones, 15 Cities

  8. 15 Cities

  9. 90.1-2004 and SP102 8 Climate Zones, Counties Map

  10. Approach Floor Area 5,000 ft220,000 ft2 No. Stories One Two Roof Wood FramedIns. Above Deck Walls Wood FramedMass Foundation Unheated SlabUnheated Slab WWR 20% & 40%30% &40%

  11. Analysis • Couple economics and energy savings • Design of Experiment (DOE) • Simplified Energy Regression Models • Heating, Cooling, SWH, Fans, AUX • Iterative Solution Technique • 30% Energy Savings by Climate Zone • Merge 5,000 ft2 and 20,000 ft2

  12. LCC Economics INCREMENTAL ENERGY SAVINGS > INCREMENTAL FIRST COSTS (1) HEATING + COOLING > INCREMENTAL FIRST COSTS (2) (U1–U2)*Hcoef*HDD65*Ph*SR + (U1–U2)*Ccoef1*CDD50*Pc*SR > FC2–FC1 (3) Hcoef*HDD65*Ph*SR + Ccoef1*CDD50*Pc*SR >(FC2–FC1) (4) (U1–U2) (FC2–FC1) = ΔFC/ΔU (5) (U1–U2) [Hcoef*HDD65*Ph + Ccoef1*CDD50*Pc]*SR>ΔFC/ΔU (6)

  13. dFC/dU

  14. Design of Experiment5,000 ft2

  15. DOE-2 Simulations

  16. Heating Regression Equation HEATING = UoAo*24*HDD65/(AFUE*CF) + 1.08*ACH*VOLUME*24*HDD65/(AFUE*CF) - WALLg*WWR*(N.Area-%)*SHGCn*PFn*SOLARn*%HEAT/CF - WALLg*WWR*(E.Area-%)*SHGCe*PFe*SOLARe*%HEAT/CF - WALLg*WWR*(S.Area-%)*SHGCs*PFs*SOLARs*%HEAT/CF - WALLg*WWR*(W.Area-%)*SHGCw*PFw*SOLARw*%HEAT/CF - (Lighting + Plugs + Fans)*%HEAT - People*Sensible*55hr.wk*52wk/yr*%HEAT/CF where: %HEAT = HDD65/(HDD65+CDD50)

  17. Heating5,000 ft2

  18. Cooling Regression Equation COOLING = UoAo*24*CDD50/(EFF*CF) + 1.08*ACH*VOLUME*24*CDD50/(EFF*CF) + WALLg*WWR*(N.Area-%)*SHGCn*PFn*SOLARn*(1 - %HEAT)/CF + WALLg*WWR*(E.Area-%)*SHGCe*PFe*SOLARe*(1 - %HEAT)/CF + WALLg*WWR*(S.Area-%)*SHGCs*PFs*SOLARs*(1 – %HEAT)/CF + WALLg*WWR*(W.Area-%)*SHGCw*PFw*SOLARw*(1 – %HEAT)/CF + (Lighting + Plugs + Fans)*(1 – %HEAT) + People*Sensible*55hr.wk*52wk/yr*(1 – %HEAT)/CF

  19. Cooling5,000 ft2

  20. Fans FANS = INTERCEPT + (HDD65 + CDD50) + WWR + Ufen + PF + Ufen*WWR + Ufen*PF + (HDD65 + CDD50)*Ufen*PF*WWR

  21. Fans5,000 ft2

  22. O.A. Damper Energy Savings5,000 ft2 and 20,000 ft2

  23. AUX5,000 ft2

  24. SWH5,000 ft2

  25. Regression Model Statistics

  26. Scalar Ratio for 30% Savings BinCity5,000ft220,000ft2Criteria Miami 10 8 10 Houston 12 8 12 Memphis 12-20-22 12-18-22 14 Albuquerque 10 14-18 14 Boise 10-14 8 14 Helena 12-16 8 12 Duluth 14 10 14 Fairbanks 12-20-26 10 20

  27. Results - Tables of Prescriptive Criteria for 8 Climate Zones Same Format as 90.1 Roof – Surface reflectance/emittance (0.65 initial/0.86) WWR – 20% to 40% max. SHGC – North has separate criteria Window Orientation – (Zones 1-5) (An*SHGCn + As*SHGCs) > (Ae*SHGCe + Aw*SHGCw) Exterior Sun Control – Projection Factors (Zones 1-5) How-To-Use (EN1- to EN-42) Appendix A (R-values and U-factors)

  28. Conclusions - Collaborative Effort - Multiple Organizations - Many Individuals - Challenging - Rewarding

  29. Recommendations Encourage Participation in Future Projects Accept the Challenge

  30. Acknowledgements SP102 Members Bing Liu - PNNL Leonard Suharli - OC Doug Walden - OC

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