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REFERENCES,CITATION and BIBLIOGRAPHY

REFERENCES,CITATION and BIBLIOGRAPHY. Dr. ANIL KUMAR CHAUDHARY Associate Professor anil.socialwork@gmail.com DEPARTMENT OF SOCIAL WORK MAHATMA GANDHI KASHI VIDYAPITH VARANASI. Meaning of References- mention of something (Cambridge Dictionary)

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REFERENCES,CITATION and BIBLIOGRAPHY

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  1. REFERENCES,CITATION and BIBLIOGRAPHY Dr. ANIL KUMAR CHAUDHARY Associate Professor anil.socialwork@gmail.com DEPARTMENT OF SOCIAL WORK MAHATMA GANDHI KASHI VIDYAPITH VARANASI

  2. Meaning of References- mention of something (Cambridge Dictionary) the action of mentioning or alluding to something (Oxford Dictionary) the act of referring or consulting (Merriam Webster Dictionary) Meaning of Citation- a word or piece of writing taken from a written work (Cambridge Dictionary) a quotation from or reference to a book, paper, or author, especially in a scholarly work (Oxford Dictionary) an act of quoting (Merriam Webster Dictionary)

  3. Meaning of Bibliography- a list of the books and articles that have been used by someone when writing a particular book or article (Cambridge Dictionary) a list of the books of a specific author or publisher, or on a specific subject (Oxford Dictionary) the history, identification, or description of writings of Publication (Merriam Webster Dictionary )

  4. Difference between Bibliography and References In bibliography listed all consulting materials and in references, mentioned only those have in article and books. Bibliography is not cited directly in the text, whereas references cited directly. Bibliography not used for any support of the statement or argument but references not as same. Bibliography not referred all times by readers but references used for future text.

  5. Referencing Style- There are several different styles of referencing : APA (American Psychological Association) MLA (Modern Language Association) Oxford Harvard Chicago Cont......

  6. Author-date styles (e.g. APA,MLA and Harvard ) put the author’s name inside the text of the assignment. Documentary-note styles (e.g. Chicago and Oxford) put the author’s name in a footnote at the bottom of each page or in an endnote at the end of the assignment. APA style is commonly used in education, business and some social sciences and humanities. MLA style is often used in English and media studies. Whereas Oxford style used in history, philosophy, and classics. Harvard and Chicago styles are used by some individual disciplines.

  7. Differences between APA and MLA styles in various format: In-text citation of APA incorporates the author’s name, the year of publication and sometimes page no. separated by a comma (Ambedkar, 2006, p.80); whereas MLA does not include the year or commas (Ambedkar 80). In APA reference list entry puts the year in brackets after author’s name, e.g. - Ambedkar, B.R. (2017). Buddha Or Karl Marx, Japan, Dr.B.A. International Association for Education. In MLA puts the year nearer the end of the entry e.g.- Ambedkar, B.R. Buddha Or Karl Marx. Japan : Dr. B.A. international Association for Education, 2017. In APA, uses first name initial whereas MLA uses full first name.

  8. Introducing APA style: There are various cases includes depends on requirements as follows: Book Author - 1,2,3,4,5+ / Group of author /No author Date- year/ No year Edition- 1st / 2nd+ City Medium- Print/ Internet/ Internet (DOI) Foucault, M. (2010). The Archaeology of Knowledge. New York, USA: Vintage Books.

  9. Edited book chapter- Author - 1,2,3,4,5+ / Group of author / No author Date- year/ No year Edition- 1st / 2nd+ City Medium- Print/ Internet/ Internet (DOI) Smith, J.D.(2009). Trends in discourse analysis. In G. Schwartz & U.N. Owen (Eds.), Readings in qualitative research design( pp. 15-19). Wellington, New Zealand:Ratna Press.

  10. Journal article- Author - 1,2,3,4,5+ / Group of author / No author Date- year/ No year Edition- 1st / 2nd+ City Medium- Print/ Internet/ Internet (DOI) Smith, J.D.(2009). Maori voices: Approaches to bilingual research. Journal of Academic Methodologies,38(3), 17-28.

  11. Web page- Only choose this type if there is no more specific description. Author - 1,2,3,4,5+ / Group of author / No author Date- year/ No year Edition- 1st / 2nd+ Smith, J. D.(2009). Kindergartens and childcare centres in New Zealand. Retrieved from http://www.example.com/the page.htm

  12. Newspaper article- Author - 1,2,3,4,5+ / Group of author / No author Date- year/ No year Edition- 1st / 2nd+ Medium- Print/ Internet/ Internet (DOI) Smith, J.D.(2009, January 12). Research awards draw industry attention. Albany Times,p.22

  13. Magazine article - Author - 1,2,3,4,5+ / Group of author / No author Frequency- weekly/ monthly/quarterly Medium- Print/ Internet/ Internet (DOI) Smith, J.D.(2009, January 12). Tertiary funding models in New Zealand. Tertiary Education Magazine,21(1), 21-24.

  14. Report- Author - 1,2,3,4,5+ / Group of author / No author Date- year/ No year Edition- 1st / 2nd+ City Medium- Print/ Internet/ Internet(DOI) Smith, J.D.(2009). National employment predictions and recommendations (Report No. 122). Wellington, New Zealand:Ratna Press.

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