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Middle Ages

Middle Ages. After the Fall. The Decline Roman empire lead to an era called the Middle ages. Invasion affect in Europe. Constant invasions and constant welfare lead to: Disruption on trade Downfall of cities Population shift. Disruption on Trade. Invasion cause a collapse in trading.

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Middle Ages

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  1. Middle Ages

  2. After the Fall • The Decline Roman empire lead to an era called the Middle ages

  3. Invasion affect in Europe • Constant invasions and constant welfare lead to: • Disruption on trade • Downfall of cities • Population shift

  4. Disruption on Trade • Invasion cause a collapse in trading. • Money became scarce

  5. Downfall of cites • Cities abandoned as centers of government

  6. Population shift • Nobles left cities and went to rural areas • City dwellers left with the leadership to grow their own food • Population becomes mostly rural

  7. Germanic invaders • Could not read or write • Different languages spring up • Lived in small communities • Family ties and personal loyalty made it hard to establish an orderly government

  8. The church • Most priests and church officials could read and write • Churches provided stability during the Middle ages • Their authority grew

  9. Monasteries • Monasteries- a religious community • Monks learned to read and write • Opened schools • Maintained libraries • Copied books • Help spread Christianity

  10. The Church authority • Pope became secular leader • Secular- Worldy, power involved in politics • The entire western roman empire fell under the pope’s authority • Spiritual kingdom

  11. Feudalism

  12. Feudal society • Based on mutual obligations • In exchange for military service a lord grants land (fief) to a vassal (a person receiving a fief) • Control depended on the amount of land one controlled

  13. Feudal System • Kings • Nobles (also priest) • Knights • Landless peasants

  14. Feudal society • Social classes well defined • Born into the class • Most people were serfs • Could not lawfully leave the place they were born

  15. Manor • Manor-the lords estate • Depended on a set of rights and obligations between a lord and his serf • Self sufficient community

  16. The Franks • The Franks emerged as the leading force in Gaul

  17. Clovis • Clovis was their leader • Wife urged him to convert to Christianity • 496-in fighting against an another Germanic tribe Clovis appealed to the Christian god • Wins • Asked bishop to baptize his army

  18. The Church Response • The church in Rome welcomes Clovis conversion and supported his military campaigns • Alliance between the Frankish kings and the church begins

  19. Charlemagne • 771 Charlemagne seized control of the Gaul kingdom • Conquered new lands (most of western Europe) • Becomes most powerful king in Europe

  20. Charlemagne and the Church • Went to Rome to crush an unruly mob that attacked the pope • Crowned Emperor • The pope claimed political right to crown an emperor

  21. Governing the Empire • Limited the Nobles • Had Royal agents to make sure nobles govern their countries fairly • Regularly visited every part of the kingdom

  22. Cultural Revival • Encouraged learning • Opened school that were to train future monks and priest • Built more churches • Built roads to connect the empire

  23. Germanic tribes migration

  24. Anglos and the Saxons migrated from the continent of Europe to England • Magyars migrated from Central Asia to Hungary • Captured people to sell as slaves • Vikings migrated from Scandinavia to Russia • Worshiped war like gods • Raided places quickly

  25. Bellringer • Pull out reading packet • Begin reading Chapter 14 sec 1 & 2

  26. Agenda • Reading • Discussion • Notes • Book work

  27. Late Middle Ages • 1000’s spiritual revival happens throughout Europe • “Age of Faith” • Pope and religious leaders reform the Church • Church becomes stronger

  28. The Crusades

  29. The Crusades • Byzantine Emperor Alexius Commenis sent an appeal to Robert, Count of Flanders • Also gets read by Pope Urban II • Asked for help against the Muslim Turks • Urban II called for an “holy War” (Crusades)

  30. Goal • Must gain control of the Holy land and Jerusalem!

  31. Other Causes • King and Church saw the crusades as an opportunity to get rib of the arguing Knights • Knights fighting each other • Threatened peace of kingdoms • Those who fought are called crusaders

  32. The first Crusades

  33. First Crusade • Crusaders ill prepared • Did not know the • Geography • Climate • Culture • Of the holy land

  34. First Crusade cont. • Has no Strategy • Argued among themselves • Captured Jerusalem In 1099 • Set up for Crusader States around Jerusalem • Each ruled by a European noble

  35. The Second Crusades

  36. Second Crusade • States vulnerable to Muslim attacks • Second crusade was to recapture Jerusalem • City instead falls to the Muslim leader Saladin • Crusaders shocked!

  37. And…. Another Crusade (3rd)

  38. Third Crusades • Try to recapture Jerusalem again. This time lead by three kings • England- Richard the Lion Hearted • France- Philip Augustus • German-Frederick I

  39. Third Crusades cont. • Richard and Saladin fought each other many times • Both ruthless fighters • Respected each other • Agreed to a truce • Saladin promised to allow unarmed Christian pilgrims into the city

  40. The Fourth Crusade!!!

  41. Fourth Crusades • Pope Innocent II appeals for another crusade to recapture Jerusalem • Knights end up looting the city of Constantinople • Causing the split in the Eastern and Western churches

  42. Even More Crusade…..

  43. Later Crusaders • They were common and unsuccessful

  44. The Effects • Failures lessoned the power of the pope • Weakened nobility • Stimulated trade between Europe and southwest Asia • Bitterness between Christians, Jews and Muslims • Weakened the Byzantine Empire

  45. Fall of Constantinople • Crusaders weakened the city • Eventually it fell to the Ottoman Turks • Ended the Byzantine Empire • Becomes the capital of the ottoman empire

  46. Black Death • 1/3 of the population died to the deadly disease known as the bubonic plague

  47. Origins • Began in Asia • Came to Europe through trade • Began in Italy before quickly spreading to France, Germany and Europe • Took 4 years to reach all of Europe • Killed 25 million in Europe

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