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Chapter 1 Section 1 Reading Focus

Chapter 1 Section 1 Reading Focus. Why Were the Italian city-states a favorable setting for a cultural rebirth? What was the Renaissance? What themes and techniques did Renaissance artists and writers explore?. Chapter 1 Section 1 Vocabulary.

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Chapter 1 Section 1 Reading Focus

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  1. Chapter 1 Section 1 Reading Focus • Why Were the Italian city-states a favorable setting for a cultural rebirth? • What was the Renaissance? • What themes and techniques did Renaissance artists and writers explore?

  2. Chapter 1 Section 1 Vocabulary • Patron-person who provides financial support for the arts. (p.35) • Humanism- intellectual movement at the heart of the Renaissance that focused on worldly subjects rather than religious issues. • Humanities- study of subject taught in ancient Greece- grammar, rhetoric, poetry and history • Perspective- artistic technique used to give drawings and paintings a 3D effect

  3. Renaissance Politics and Economics

  4. Setting the Stage for the Renaissance: Economics Revival of trade: 11th century • Improved agricultural techniques • Population increase • New trade routes • Improved transportation A Renaissance-era moneychanger

  5. Setting the Stage for the Renaissance: Politics • City-states • Communes • New economic elite • The popolo • Oligarchies and dictatorships • Condottieri A group of condottieri

  6. Italian City-States

  7. Milan • The Visconti family • Territorial expansion • The Sforza Family • Ruled Milan, 1450–1535 • Francesco Sforza (1401–1466)

  8. Venice • Major center of trade • Doge • Merchant oligarchy Customs House and entrance to the Grand Canal (Venice)

  9. War Between Venice and Genoa

  10. Mainland expansion Constantinople The Ottoman Turks Venice in the 15th Century “The Capture of Constantinople” by Renaissance artist Jacopo Tintoretto

  11. Florence • Center of banking and textiles • Bankers for the papacy • The gold florin • Nominally a republic, but controlled by an oligarchy of bankers and merchants

  12. The Medici Family • Powerful bankers • Ruled Florence for most of the 15th century • Cosimo de Medici • Patrons of the arts Cosimo de Medici

  13. Lorenzo de Medici • Grandson of Cosimo • Assumed power in 1469 at age 20 • “Lorenzo the Magnificent” • The Pazzi consipracy • War against Rome and Naples

  14. Rome and the Papal States • Renaissance popes: both religious and political leaders • During the Renaissance, the Papacy became more political and secular A distant view of Vatican City in Rome

  15. Naples • Only kingdom in Italy during the Renaissance • Vassal state of Rome • More feudal than other city-states • King Alfonso (1396–1458) • King Ferdinand I (also known as Ferrante; 1458–1494) Statue depicting the coronation of the Neapolitan king Ferdinand I

  16. Patronage • Financial support of artists • Means for the wealthy and powerful to compete socially with one another • Types of patronage Wealthy Renaissance merchants, as depicted in a fresco by artist Domenico Ghirlandaio

  17. Women and the Renaissance • Education • Roles as patrons of the arts • Women political leaders in Italy Caterina Sforza Isabella d’Este

  18. Art in the Renaissance

  19. Leonardo da Vinci

  20. Leonardo, The Last Supper

  21. Leonardo, Mona Lisa

  22. Leonardo’s Notebooks

  23. Michelangelo and the Sistine Chapel

  24. The Rebirth of Classical Learning • The “rediscovery” of classical scholarship • Renewed respect for Greek and Roman art, science, and philosophy

  25. Raphael, Pope Leo X With Two Cardinals

  26. The Rebirth of Classical Learning

  27. Describe the scene in the painting. • What is the physical setting? • What appears to be going on? • How are the people in the painting dressed? What time period do they appear to be from?

  28. Plato (Leonardo) Raphael • The man in the red robe represents Plato, but he resembles a famous Renaissance figure. Who do you think he is? Heraclitus (Michelangelo) Euclid (Bramante) • Why do you think Raphael made certain ancient philosophers in this painting look like key Renaissance figures?

  29. What are these two groups of men doing? • Thematically, how does this painting differ from medieval paintings?

  30. Is this image realistic? • Why or why not?

  31. How does this painting make effective use of symmetry? • How does Raphael create a sense of perspective?

  32. Does the fact that this painting was commissioned by the pope surprise you? • Why or why not?

  33. The Printing Press • Invented by Johann Gutenberg in the mid-1400s • Made printed works cheaper and more readily available • Increased literacy in Europe • Helped spread new ideas A replica of Gutenberg’s printing press

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