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The Crusader States

The Crusader States. And the Military Orders. The Modern Middle East. ME in 6 th Century. The Strategic Setting. A Bi-Polar World Two Major Powers Sassanian Persia Byzantine Empire World War for Ten Years. Mean Rainfall Determines All. The Hydraulic Theory. Too little water

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The Crusader States

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  1. The Crusader States And the Military Orders

  2. The Modern Middle East

  3. ME in 6th Century

  4. The Strategic Setting • A Bi-Polar World • Two Major Powers • Sassanian Persia • Byzantine Empire • World War for Ten Years

  5. Mean Rainfall Determines All

  6. The Hydraulic Theory • Too little water • Unevenly delivered in space and time. • Drought drives waves of immigration. • Such a drought drove Islamic expansion.

  7. Muhammad

  8. Allah

  9. The Shahada

  10. Early Expansion

  11. Early Stability • Equilibrium quickly reached. • Christian pilgrimages permitted • Holy Land in the hands of Egyptian Fatimids in 11th Century.

  12. Seljuk Turks Ended That • Battle of Manzikert in 1071 • Byzantine Defeat • Catastrophe for Christendom • Emperor appealed to pope for help in spite of schism.

  13. Seljuq Turk Invasion

  14. Onset of the TurksManzikert 1071

  15. Seljuqs

  16. Emperor Alexis Comnenus

  17. Urban II Preaching the Crusade

  18. Clermont

  19. An Armed Pilgrimage

  20. Muhammad’s Trip to Paradise

  21. Crusader Routes

  22. Alexius Comnenus

  23. Anna Comnena

  24. Godfrey, Bohemund and Tancred

  25. Raymond of Toulouse

  26. Christ Leading the Crusaders

  27. Dorylaeum

  28. The Siege of Jerusalem1099

  29. Jerusalem Besieged1099

  30. Godfrey and his menat the Stone of Anointment

  31. May God Forgive Me

  32. Duke Godfrey of Bouillon“Advocate of the Holy Sepulchre”

  33. Royal Arms of Jerusalem

  34. The Crusader States

  35. The Holy Sepulchre

  36. 12th Century Knight

  37. Near East 1135

  38. Founder of the HospitallersThe Blessed Gerard

  39. Templars

  40. After the Fight

  41. An Aged Templar

  42. Teutonic Knight

  43. Teutonic Knight

  44. Kerak of Moab

  45. Belvoir Castle

  46. Shawbak Castle

  47. Krac des Chevaliers

  48. The Moat at Krac des Chevaliers

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