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Network protocols

Network protocols. Starter: What is a network protocol? Find out on the WWW. What is a network protocol?. A network protocol is a set of rules that allow computers to communicate and exchange information over a network. There are many types of protocols depending on the application.

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Network protocols

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  1. Network protocols

  2. Starter: What is a network protocol? Find out on the WWW.

  3. What is a network protocol? A network protocol is a set of rules that allow computers to communicate and exchange information over a network. There are many types of protocols depending on the application.

  4. Learning objectives • Explain what a network protocol is • Explain the purpose of the following protocols: • HTTP • HTTPS • FTP • UDP • SMTP • POP3 • IMAP • Ethernet • Wi Fi • IP • TCP

  5. Task: Create flash cards • Create flash cards for the protocols on previous page • You can either do this on paper or use Quizlet. • Research definitions and ensure that definition does not use any of the words in the protocol • With a neighbour play “what am I game?”. • Player 1 picks a card with the protocol without being aware what the protocol is and hold it up to their heads. • Player 2 then reads out the definition. • Player 1 tries to determine the protocol. • If player 1 gets it right they get to keep the cards. • If player 1 gets in wrong the cards go to the bottom of the pile. • Player 2 picks a card and the roles reverse. • The game keeps going until there are no cards left • The winner is the player with the highest number of cards

  6. HTTP – Hypertext transfer protocol HTTP is the protocol used for the world wide web. An exchange begins with a request for a web page from a client web browser to a web server. The server then sends the web page to the client. Example request sent by client GET /index.html HTTP/1.1 Example status response sent by server HTTP/1.1 200 OK

  7. HTTPS – Secure Hypertext transfer protocol HTTPS is a secure way of transferring data between a web browser and a server. During transfer the data are encrypted. Thus even if the data are intercepted it is very difficult to find out what data are in the messages. HTTPS is most often used for e-commerce and online banking, where sensitive data such as credit card numbers and passwords are encrypted.

  8. FTP – File Transfer Protocol FTP is used to transfer files between two computers. It is usually used to download or upload large files between a client and server.

  9. TCP – Transport control protocol • When files are sent over the internet they are broken up into small chunks called packets. When they arrive at the destination computer they are reassembled back into the original format. TCP handles and controls all this. TCP waits for acknowledgements to verify whether the packets have reached their destination. TCP will also retransmit packets of they have not arrived at the destination or become corrupted.

  10. IP – Internet Protocol • The internet protocol is a set of rules the rules that govern the transmission of data across the internet. • The TCP and IP protocol work closely together and are referred to as TCP/IP.

  11. Ethernet Ethernet is not a single protocol but a collection of related protocols. LANs most commonly use Ethernet. For transmitting data across an Ethernet LAN the following is a simplified procedure: • Check whether there is any traffic on the Ethernet. • If so wait for traffic to clear. • Send the packet • Is collision detected, go to step 1 to resend.

  12. Wi-Fi (Wireless Fidelity) Like Ethernet, Wi-Fi is not a single protocol but a collection of related protocols. Wi-Fi uses radio waves to transmit data between devices. Data are transmitted when the medium is clear, and an acknowledgement is received if the transmission was successful. If no such acknowledgement was received then the data are resent as it is assumed that a collision occurred and the packets did not reach their destination.

  13. UDP (User Datagram Protocol) UDP is used as an alternative to TCP. It is used in video conferencing and online gaming when speed is necessary as huge volumes of data are transferred in real time. It improves speed by doing away with error checking. UDP does not check for lost packets so they do not get re-sent. Packets continue to be sent without checking whether or not previous packets have arrived.

  14. Email Email is sent by the sender client to the email server. It is stored there until the recipient requests access and then the email is forwarded to the receiver’s computer.

  15. Email protocols (SMTP, POP3, IMAP) • SMTP (simple mail transfer protocol): Sends the mail from the user onto the mail server. • POP3 (Post office protocol): Retrieves the mail from the mail server to the client (user) when requested and the email is removed from the server. Only allows retrieval of email onto a single computer. • IMAP (Internet Message Access Protocol): Retrieves the mail from the mail server to the client (user), and allows access from anywhere on any device because the email remains on the server.

  16. Plenary • What is a network protocol? • What protocol is used for requesting the website www.google.com? • What protocol is used for transferring the email from the sender’s computer to the mail server? • What protocol is used for transfering email from the mail server to the receiver’s computer?

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