Reading

1. Reading Taiwan is a beautiful mountainous island and the home of 23 million people. But because there is so little flat land to build on, most of these people live crowded together on the western side of the island. 句 型 2 中譯 回目錄 整課朗讀 下一頁

2. Reading part-2 And it is very difficult to get from the west side to the east side. You must either take a long highway around the northern or southern coast, or take a narrow and dangerous road over the mountains. 句 型 5 中譯 回目錄 返回 上一頁 下一頁

3. Reading part-3 To solve the traffic problem, only two choices were possible. One was to build a bigger road over the Snow Mountain Range. The other was to dig a tunnel through it. 句 型 10 中譯 回目錄 返回 上一頁 下一頁

4. Reading part-4 Both possibilities were dangerous and difficult. A bigger road over the mountains could cause great environmentaldamage. A tunnel would require engineers to dig through more than 12 kilometers of mountain, not knowing what conditions they might encounteron the way. 關 句 14 中譯 回目錄 返回 上一頁 下一頁

5. Reading part-5 A study of this great challenge began in 1982. A decision was made to begin construction in 1991. The plan was bold. 中譯 回目錄 返回 上一頁 下一頁

6. Reading part-6 It involved not just one tunnel, but three: a pilot tunnel and two main tunnels, one going east and the other going west. When completed, these two main tunnels would be the longest twin tunnels in the world. 關 句 19 21 句 型 中譯 回目錄 返回 上一頁 下一頁

7. Reading part-7 Construction was far more difficult than anyone had imagined. The big problem was that on the eastern section of the tunnel, where the project began, the construction team hit localsandstone, which is 12 times harder than concrete. 23 24 關 句 關 句 中譯 回目錄 返回 上一頁 下一頁

8. Reading part-8 While building the tunnels, the team had to deal with 42 collapses in the pilot tunnel and 48 in the main tunnels. These collapses happened because cracks opened up and caused huge volumes of water to be released. 27 29 句 型 句 型 中譯 回目錄 返回 上一頁 下一頁

9. Reading part-9 At times, the construction team almost gave up hope, or thought of asking for international help. But in the end, the Taiwanese people solved the problems themselves. 中譯 回目錄 返回 上一頁 下一頁

10. Reading part-10 The Snow Mountain Tunnel was officially opened on June 16, 2006. This 12.9-kilometer-long tunnel had taken nearly 15 years to complete, and it is considered to have been one of the world’s most difficult engineering projects. 關 句 37 中譯 回目錄 返回 上一頁 下一頁

11. Reading part-11 It is a true symbol of the vision, perseverance, technicalcapability, and self-reliance of the Taiwanese people. Without these qualities, the tunnel could never have been built. 句 型 40 42 關 句 中譯 回目錄 返回 上一頁

12. Reading 中譯 part-1 Taiwan is a beautiful mountainous island and the home of 23 million people. But because there is so little flat land to build on, most of these people live crowded together on the western side of the island. 台灣是個美麗又多山的島嶼，也是兩千三百萬人的家。但在這島嶼上，因為能開發的平 原很少，大部分的人都住在擁擠的西半部。 返回

13. Reading 中譯 part-2 And it is very difficult to get from the west side to the east side. You must either take a long highway around the northern or southern coast, or take a narrow and dangerous road over the mountains. 而且，要從西部到東部也非常困難。你要不就是必須沿著公路繞往北部或南部的海岸，再不然就是選擇一條直接跨越山嶺但是卻狹 長又危險的道路。 返回

14. Reading 中譯 part-3 To solve the traffic problem, only two choices were possible. One was to build a bigger road over the Snow Mountain Range. The other was to dig a tunnel through it. 為了解決交通問題，只有兩種方式可行。其一就是在雪山山脈上建造一條較大的道路。 其二就是挖鑿一條隧道穿越雪山山脈。 返回

15. Reading 中譯 part-4 Both possibilities were dangerous and difficult. A bigger road over the mountains could cause great environmental damage. A tunnel would require engineers to dig through more than 12 kilometers of mountain, not knowing what conditions they might encounter on the way. 兩種方法都很危險也很困難。橫跨山嶺建造一條較大道路會造成很大的環境破壞。而隧道則是需要工程師挖鑿超過12 公里的長度， 而在挖鑿過程中，不知道會遇到甚麼情況。 返回

16. Reading 中譯 part-5 A study of this great challenge began in 1982. A decision was made to begin construction in 1991. The plan was bold. 攸關這項挑戰的研究在1982 年展開，在1991 年決定開始建造工程。這項計畫非常大膽。 返回

17. Reading 中譯 part-6 It involved not just one tunnel, but three: a pilot tunnel and two main tunnels, one going east and the other going west. When completed, these two main tunnels would be the longest twin tunnels in the world. 它不只包括一條隧道而已，其實是有三條：一條導道以及兩條主要隧道。這兩條隧道有一條通往東邊，另一條通往西邊。當這兩條主隧道完成時，就成為世界上最長的雙隧 道。 返回

18. Reading 中譯 part-7 Construction was far more difficult than anyone had imagined. The big problem was that on the eastern section of the tunnel, where the project began, the construction team hit local sandstone, which is 12 times harder than concrete. 建造隧道的過程比任何人想像的都要來得困難。最大的問題發生在隧道的東段，而整個計畫也是從這裡開始，建造團隊在這裡撞擊 到當地的砂岩，其硬度比混凝土高12倍。 返回

19. Reading 中譯 part-8 While building the tunnels, the team had to deal with 42 collapses in the pilot tunnel and 48 in the main tunnels. These collapses happened because cracks opened up and caused huge volumes of water to be released. 在建造隧道過程中，整個團隊必須處理導道中所發生的42 次崩塌，以及主隧道裡48次的崩塌。這些崩塌的發生是因為裂縫裂開而造 成大量的水流出來。 返回

20. Reading 中譯 part-9 At times, the construction team almost gave up hope, or thought of asking for international help. But in the end, the Taiwanese people solved the problems themselves. 有時候整個團隊幾乎都要放棄希望了，或者想要求助國際支援。但是最後，台灣人還是 自己解決了問題。 返回

21. Reading 中譯 part-10 The Snow Mountain Tunnel was officially opened on June 16, 2006. This 12.9-kilometer-long tunnel had taken nearly 15 years to complete, and it is considered to have been one of the world’s most difficult engineering projects. 雪山隧道在2006 年6 月16 日正式啟用。這條長達12.9 公里的隧道花了將近15 年的時間完成，大家公認它是世界上最艱難的工程之 一。 返回

22. Reading 中譯 part-11 It is a true symbol of the vision, perseverance, technical capability, and self-reliance of the Taiwanese people. Without these qualities, the tunnel could never have been built. 它確實象徵了台灣人民的遠見、堅毅、技術高超以及自立自強的精神。要不是這些特 質，這條隧道是無法建造完成的。 返回

23. 句型-1 But because there is so little flat land to build on, most of these people live crowded together on the western side of the island.(見第2行) （中譯：但在這島嶼上，因為能開發 的平原很少，大部分的人都住在擁擠的西半部。） (1) land 為不可數名詞，故用little 修飾。a few, a little 表示「一些」，用法與some 相同。 few, little 表示「少到幾乎沒有」，有否 定意味。 回目錄 下一頁

24. 句型-1 ※ 有關量詞a little, little, a few, few 的文法， 詳參本冊第四課Grammar Focus I (2) there is so little flat land to build on .... = there is so little flat land which people can build on .... 名詞後可接不定詞修飾，所修飾的名詞為 其受詞，有時要加入適當的介系詞。本句 的動詞是build 要加on 才能修飾前面受詞 land 。 另外，本句型也可改寫成關係子句。 回目錄 上一頁 下一頁

25. 句型-1 例：We have no water to drink. 我們沒水可喝。 I have no house to live in. 我沒有房子可住。 The boy has no pen to write with. 這男孩沒筆可寫。 (3) most of these people live crowded together 的子句中，句子的動詞是live ，而crowded 為過去分詞轉化而來的形容詞，當主詞補 語修飾主詞most of these people，主要是表 示主詞強調的狀態，與一般用副詞修飾動 詞不同。 回目錄 上一頁 下一頁

26. 句型-1 例：Helen Keller was stricken blind.（形容詞 blind 修飾主詞Helen Keller） 海倫凱勒遭逢疾病而失明。 Nick was born crippled.（過去分詞當形 容詞的crippled 修飾主詞Nick） 尼克一生下來就肢障。 Don’t accept his love blindly.（副詞 blindly 修飾動詞accept） 不要盲目接受他的愛 回目錄 回課文 上一頁

27. 句型-2 You must either take a long highway around the northern or southern coast, or take a narrow and dangerous road over the mountains.(見第5行) （中譯：你 要不就是必須沿著公路繞往北部或南部的海 岸，再不然就是選擇一條直接跨越山嶺但是 卻狹長又危險的道路。） 句型either ... or ... 表「兩者其一」，為對等連接詞，必須連接兩個詞性相同的字詞。 文法/句型 回目錄 下一頁

28. 句型-2 例：You can either stay home watching TV or go shopping with me. 你可以待在家看電視或是和我去逛街。 My father goes to work either by bus or by motorcycle. 我父親不是搭公車上班就是騎摩托車。 若連接兩個名詞當主詞，動詞依最近的主詞而定。 例：Either you or I am wrong. 不是你就是我錯。（最近的主詞是I ， 所以動詞用am。) 回目錄 回課文 上一頁

29. 句型-3 One was to build a bigger road over the Snow Mountain Range. The other was to dig a tunnel through it.(見第10行) （中譯：其一就是在雪山山脈上建造一條較大的 道路。其二就是挖鑿一條隧道穿越雪山山 脈。） 回目錄 下一頁

30. 句型-3 前一句提到two choices ，所以接下來用用於描述的對象有兩個的句型one ... and the other ...（一個…，另外一個…）。 例：Joyce has two part-time jobs. One is a waitress and the other is a cashier. 喬依思有兩個兼職的工作。一個是服務 生；另一個是收銀員。 文法/句型 回目錄 回課文 上一頁

31. 句型-4 A tunnel would require engineers to dig through more than 12 kilometers of mountain, not knowing what conditions they might encounter on the way.(見第14行) （中譯：而隧 道則是需要工程師挖鑿超過12 公里的長度， 而在挖鑿過程中，不知道會遇到甚麼情況。） (1) require ... to V 要求……去做…… 文法/句型 回目錄 下一頁

32. 句型-4 (2) 此處為分詞構句，還原成子句時know 的 主詞為句中的engineers ，而非一般的主 要子句的主詞。knowing 表對所修飾的 engineers動作為主動，而not 則表否定的 分詞。 文法/句型 關鍵句型 回目錄 回課文 上一頁

33. 句型-5 It involved not just one tunnel, but three: a pilot tunnel and two main tunnels, one going east and the other going west.(見第19行) （中譯：它不只包括一條隧道而已，其實是有三條：一條導道以及兩條主要隧道。這兩條隧 道有一條通往東邊，另一條通往西邊。） (1) not ... but ... 不是……而是…… (2) one ... and the other ... 一個……，另外一 個…… 文法/句型 關鍵句型 文法/句型 回目錄 下一頁

34. 句型-5 (3) going east（往東）為現在分詞修飾one， 分詞的部分是由關係子句轉變而來。the other going west（往西）也是同樣的用 法。 例：Mr. Wang has two sons: one studying at NTU and the other working at IBM. 王太太有兩個兒子：一個就讀台大，另 一個在IBM 工作。 回目錄 回課文 上一頁

35. 句型-6 When completed, these two main tunnels would be the longest twin tunnels in the world.(見第21行) （中譯：當這 兩條主隧道完成時，就成為世界上最長的雙 隧道。） (1) 此處為分詞構句，保留表時間的連接詞 when ，過去分詞completed 表對主詞these two main tunnels 為被動。 ※ 其他相關補充請參考本課課文重點分析 4 。 回目錄 下一頁

36. 句型-6 (2) the longest twin tunnel in the world 最長的 雙孔隧道，因為有in the world ，所以形 容詞用最高級the longest 。另外， twin tunnels 的意思是「雙孔隧道」。 文法/句型 回目錄 回課文 上一頁

37. 句型-7 Construction was far more difficult than anyone had imagined.(見第23行) （中譯：建造隧道的過程比任何人想像的都要來 得困難。） (1) construction 發生的時間在過去，動詞用 was。想像建造過程的時間又比 construction發生的時間更早，用過去完成 式had + p.p.。 回目錄 下一頁

38. 句型-7 例：When we sat down, the movie had already begun. 當我們坐下時，電影已經開始了。 (2) 副詞far 用來修飾比較級。 關鍵句型 文法/句型 回目錄 回課文 上一頁

39. 句型-8 The big problem was that on the eastern section of the tunnel, where the project began, the construction team hit local sandstone, which is 12 times harder than concrete.(見第24行) （中譯：最大的問題發生在隧道的東段，而 整個計畫也是從這裡開始，建造團隊在這裡 撞擊到當地的砂岩，其硬度比混凝土高12 倍。） 回目錄 下一頁

40. 句型-8 (1) that 所引導的名詞子句在此當作主詞補 語。 例：The good news is that no one was hurt in the collapse. 好消息是沒有人在這場崩塌中受傷。 (2) where 為關係副詞，等於in which 。 (3) 形容詞子句which is 12 times harder than concrete 在此修飾先行詞local sandstone 。 (4) 12 times harder than concrete（比水泥硬12 倍）為常見的倍數用法。 文法/句型 關鍵句型 文法/句型 文法/句型 回目錄 回課文 上一頁

41. 句型-9 While building the tunnels, the team had to deal with 42 collapses in the pilot tunnel and 48 in the main tunnels.(見第27行) （中譯：在建造隧道過程中，整個團隊必須處理導道中所發生的42 次崩塌，以及主隧道裡48 次的崩塌。） 畫線部分為保留連接詞的分詞構句 文法/句型 回目錄 回課文

42. 句型-10 These collapses happened because cracks opened up and caused huge volumes of water to be released.(見第29行) （中譯：這些崩塌的發生是因為裂縫裂開 而造成大量的水流出來。） (1) happen (= occur) 沒有被動用法，恆作主 動。 例：Mudslides often happen in this mountain area after a heavy rain. 這個山區常在大雨過後發生土石流。 回目錄 下一頁

43. 句型-10 (2) cause ... to V 導致，引發，造成 cause 非 使役動詞，故受詞之後要接不定詞。 例：What caused him to skip class? = What made him skip class? 是什麼使他翹課？ (3) volumes of (= amounts of ) 大量的，通常 修飾不可數名詞。 回目錄 上一頁 下一頁

44. 句型-10 例：We drove on the freeway at night to avoid the volumes of traffic that are common during the Chinese New Year. 我們晚上開上高速公路以避開農曆春節 常見的車潮。 (4) 水是被釋放出來，所以用to be released。 回目錄 回課文 上一頁

45. 句型-11 This 12.9-kilometer-long tunnel had taken nearly 15 years to complete, and it is considered to have been one of the world’s most difficult engineering projects.(見第37行) （中譯：雪山隧道在2006 年6 月16 日正式啟 用。這條長達12.9 公里的隧道花了將近15 年 的時間完成，大家公認它是世界上最艱難的 工程之一。） 回目錄 下一頁

46. 句型-11 (1) 12.9-kilometer-long 為複合形容詞，出現 在此類形容詞中的名詞一律用單數。 例：Lucy is just a 5-year-old girl. 露西只是個五歲的小女孩。 (2) take ... to complete/finish（事）花（時 間）完成 例：The book took two years to finish. 這本書花了兩小時完成。 回目錄 上一頁 下一頁

47. 句型-11 (3) be considered (to be) adj./N 被認為是…… consider 後面加to be adj./N ， to be 通常可 以省略。若是加to have p.p. 表事情已發 生。 例：He is considered (to be) a loser. 他被認為是個失敗者。 關鍵句型 回目錄 回課文 上一頁

48. 句型-12 It is a true symbol of the vision, perseverance, technical capability, and self-reliance of the Taiwanese people.(見第40行) （中譯：它確實象徵了台灣人民的遠見、 堅毅、技術高超以及自立自強的精神。） be a symbol of ... ……的象徵 = be symbolic of ... = symbolize ... 例：A dove is a symbol of peace. = A dove is symbolic of peace. = A dove symbolizes peace. 鴿子象徵和平。 回目錄 回課文

49. 句型-13 Without these qualities, the tunnel could never have been built.(見第42行) （中譯：要不 是這些特質，這條隧道是無法建造完成的。） Without NP, S + would/could/might/should + V/have p.p. ... 要不是……的話…… 此為假設語法的一種。主要子句裡的描述狀況若與「過去事實」相反，則在助動詞之後接 have + p.p.；若描述狀況與「現在事實」相反，則在助動詞之後接原形動詞。 回目錄 下一頁

50. 句型-13 例：Without my sister’s advice, I could have made a wrong decision. 要不是有我姊姊的建議，我可能就做出 錯誤的決定。 ※ 有關Without NP, S + would/could/might/ should + V/have p.p. ... 的文法，詳參本課 Grammar Focus II。 關鍵句型 回目錄 回課文 上一頁