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Industrialization Spreads Chapter 9 Section 3. Industrialization spreads to the U.S. U.S. had same resources that allowed Britain to industrialize: Water Coal Iron Ore Immigrant Workers. Textile Industry. Textile Industry. first to industrialize
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Industrialization spreads to the U.S. • U.S. had same resources that allowed Britain to industrialize: Water Coal Iron Ore Immigrant Workers
Textile Industry • first to industrialize • 1790 first factory in the U.S. is opened in Rhode Island (made thread)
Lowell Factory 1813 • Francis Lowell mechanized every step of cloth manufacturing • ● Opened factory in Massachusetts
Lowell Factory 1813 • used young immigrant girls as labor • worked 12 hours a day 6 days a week
Later Industrialization in the U.S. • Industrial Revolution takes off after the Civil War 1865 • Inventions sped up the process • Railroads: companies could ship and sell their goods in other parts of the country
Industrial Revolution was slow to hit rest of Europe Napoleon’s wars halted trade, interrupted communications between countries, caused inflation (currency becomes less valuable) Industrialization Reaches the Rest of Europe
Beginnings in Belgium • first European nation to adopt Britain’s new technology • 1799 William Cockerill (British carpenter) smuggled plans to build spinning jenny into Belgium (turns cotton/wool into thread)
John Cockerill • William’s ● built son an industrial enterprisein Belgium made machinery, steam engines, and railway locomotives British workers poured into to Belgium
Germany Industrializes • Germany was politically divided until late 1800’s Industrialization was slowed: • political disunity • economic isolation ● scattered resources
some German citizens sent their kids to Great Britain to learn engineering Germany began to copy the British model Germany built railroads to link its growing cities Germany’s economic strength allowed it to become a military and colonial superpower in the late 1800’s-early 1900’s Pockets of industrialization (1830’s on)
Stop and Ponder! • “Life can only be understood backwards; but it must be lived forwards.” • Søren Aabye Kierkegaard
Expansion Throughout Europe • Bohemia developed spinning industry’ • Spain processed cotton • Northern Italy mechanized textile production (making clothes)
France • industrial growth occurred after 1850 • French government built railroads • railroads created a national market for goods in France
Other European nations • industrialization did not occur at this time (mid 1800’s) • mountainous terrain disallowed railroads to be built (Austria-Hungary) • lack of waterways for transportation (Spain)
Worldwide Impact of Industrialization Industrialization spreads around the world
Worldwide Impact of Industrialization • Industrial Revolution shifted balance of power away from Africa, Asia, Latin America and towards Europe
Rise of global inequality • Industrialization widened the gap between Europe and Africa/Asia/Latin America
Natural Resources • Europe colonized and stole natural resources/raw materials from its colonies in Africa/Asia/Latin America
Finished Products • Europe forced their colonies to buy the finished products made with their raw materials!
Britain led the way in colonization • America, Russia, Germany, France, Belgium, The Netherlands, Japan soon followed in taking colonies
Industrialism Leads to Imperialism • Imperialism= one country ruling over many other smaller countries
Imperialism in Africa 1914 • By 1914 (start of World War I) Ethiopia is the only independent nation left in Africa!
Africa and Asia • African/Asian economies were still based in agriculture and small workshops This was why Africa/Asia industrialized slower than EuropeA
